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This page remembers people who were executed in Iran after protest-related, political, ethnic-minority and alleged-espionage cases, and tracks what monitors and Iranian officials have said about them. Peter’s World created it so that their names, dates and the circumstances reported by named sources are kept in one place and are not forgotten. It is a serious subject. We write in a factual tone, attribute every claim, and give Iranian officials’ stated justification alongside rights groups’ findings.
How to read this page
- Charges are charges. The page reports what courts and the judiciary’s Mizan agency announced, and what rights groups, lawyers and families say about those cases, each attributed. It does not state anyone’s guilt or innocence as fact.
- Who carries out executions. In Iran executions are carried out by the state, through the judiciary and prison authorities, after court proceedings. The IRGC’s documented roles in some cases, as reported by named sources, are arrests, intelligence detention and interrogation, supplying case files, and the use of lethal force during protests. Each entry has a field for the IRGC and security-force role stating only what a named source reports, or that none was reported.
- A selection, not a census. Monitors count well over a thousand executions a year; most are not announced and most people are not named here. A person is listed only when at least two independent sources, or one authoritative monitor plus Iranian judiciary or state media, confirm the execution and date.
- Families and corrections. If you are a family member or have a correction, write to contact@petersworld.org. Families may request changes or removal of any entry or photograph.
This page contains descriptions of torture allegations, killings and executions.
At a glance
- 86people named
- 47protest-related
- 20political / minority
- 18alleged espionage
- 58executed in 2026 (listed)
- 1with a licensed photo
- 15sentenced, not executed (listed)
- 2020–2026years covered
Counts are computed from the entries below and cover only the people named on this page, not all executions in Iran.
Memorial wall
Each card gives the name, age where reported, date, place, the charge as reported and a short neutral note. Open “Details and sources” for what is reported, the IRGC and security-force role as reported, trial concerns raised by named monitors, the official Iranian position, last words where credible outlets or families published them, and all sources. Where no openly licensed photograph exists, a neutral silhouette is shown with a link to the monitor’s page (we do not copy or hotlink those images).
The filters need JavaScript; all entries are listed below.
- Protest-related
Siavash Jamshidi-Kheirabadi
Charge as reported: Moharebeh by drawing a firearm and shooting, and assembly and collusion against national security, over the 8 January protests in Shahrekord (per Iran International/IHRNGO).
The 32nd January-protest executee since 19 March per IHRNGO (executed 3 October 2026, the day of this page’s launch).
Details and sources
Note on the date
Executed 3 October 2026; entry is recent and may be revised.
What is reported
Iran International and Al Arabiya, citing the judiciary, reported the execution; the Supreme Court had upheld the sentence.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh by drawing a firearm and shooting, and assembly and collusion against national security, over the 8 January protests in Shahrekord (per Iran International/IHRNGO).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Shahrekord (execution site not specified by the judiciary)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the average is now about one protester execution a week and urges a moratorium. Details of his trial had not been public until the execution, per Radio Zamaneh.
Official Iranian position
The judiciary said he fired at least three shots at police.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at HRANA
- Protest-related
Majid Nikandish
Charge as reported: Alleged leadership role in the Tabarsi protests and stabbing a Basij officer; charged with filming footage to send abroad (per Mizan).
Aged 23, a Kurdish man from Ghouchan, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
In his reported statement he denied being a protest leader and said he had killed no one, per a source cited by IHRNGO.
Charge as reported
Alleged leadership role in the Tabarsi protests and stabbing a Basij officer; charged with filming footage to send abroad (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Alleged victims: Basij officers (Basij is a paramilitary force; IHRNGO notes four security personnel were killed in the wider unrest). The IRGC’s role is not reported.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Mashhad, undisclosed location (probably Vakil Abad Prison per IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says both were convicted on torture-tainted confessions without a lawyer of their choice. Nikandish, per an informed source cited by IHRNGO, was held in solitary confinement for about three months and suffered a broken jaw and dislocated shoulder; this is the source’s allegation.
Official Iranian position
Per IHRNGO, Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court sentenced them and Branch 39 of the Supreme Court upheld it. Mizan said they were leaders of the protests in Mashhad’s Tabarsi district on 8-9 January, accused of stabbing Basij officers and arson, but did not name the charges.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Ali Hemati-Sistani
Charge as reported: As for Majid Nikandish (same case): alleged leadership in the Tabarsi protests, stabbing a Basij officer, arson and looting.
Aged 33, a Mashhad native, per IHRNGO. HRANA spells his name Ali Hemmati.
Details and sources
What is reported
IRIB aired confessions of both shortly after the announcement; IHRNGO says the on-air account differs from Mizan’s written account of the stabbings.
Charge as reported
As for Majid Nikandish (same case): alleged leadership in the Tabarsi protests, stabbing a Basij officer, arson and looting.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Mashhad, undisclosed location (probably Vakil Abad Prison per IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says both were convicted on torture-tainted confessions without a lawyer of their choice. Nikandish, per an informed source cited by IHRNGO, was held in solitary confinement for about three months and suffered a broken jaw and dislocated shoulder; this is the source’s allegation.
Official Iranian position
Per IHRNGO, Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court sentenced them and Branch 39 of the Supreme Court upheld it. Mizan said they were leaders of the protests in Mashhad’s Tabarsi district on 8-9 January, accused of stabbing Basij officers and arson, but did not name the charges.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Hossein Pedaran
Charge as reported: ‘Espionage and intelligence cooperation in favour of the Zionist regime’ and attempted cooperation with the US (Mizan).
IHRNGO counted him as the 15th person executed for alleged espionage in 2026.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Reported 19 September 2026; the judiciary did not state the execution date.
What is reported
Authorities said he passed classified information on military sites in Isfahan province to the Mossad and that an initial approach to the CIA was made; a short clip of his confession was aired.
Charge as reported
‘Espionage and intelligence cooperation in favour of the Zionist regime’ and attempted cooperation with the US (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the confession was forced.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said a forensic medical evaluation found no mental disorder affecting his judgment.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Majid Adineh
Charge as reported: Moharebeh, acting for Israel, the US and other groups, and possessing weapons (per state media).
Arrested in Karaj on the evening of 9 January 2026; the 29th January-protest executee per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says no independent information on his case was available before the execution.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh, acting for Israel, the US and other groups, and possessing weapons (per state media).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Karaj Central Prison (per IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO states he was tried unfairly; no independent case information was available.
Official Iranian position
State media/Mizan announced the execution and charges.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Ghaem (Arian) Hosseini
Charge as reported: Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest (as above).
Afghan national, aged 21; had been scheduled for the 28 July public hanging but it was halted for unreported reasons.
Details and sources
What is reported
The fifth Alikhani Square defendant executed.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest (as above).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Isfahan Central Prison
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO criticises the Alikhani Square trials; HRW says that in cases it reviewed, courts relied heavily on detainees’ statements and officials failed to clearly establish individual guilt. Two of those executed were Afghan nationals.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Shahram Sadeghi
Charge as reported: Accused of deliberately driving a vehicle into security forces on 8 January 2026 in Karaj, injuring seven officers (per state media).
The 27th January-protest executee per IHRNGO’s count.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says his confessions were broadcast before legal proceedings began.
Charge as reported
Accused of deliberately driving a vehicle into security forces on 8 January 2026 in Karaj, injuring seven officers (per state media).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO describes the confessions as torture-tainted.
Official Iranian position
State media reported the execution and the allegation.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Pourya Safvat
Charge as reported: As for Omid Behzad.
Executed with Omid Behzad. HRANA spells the name Pouria Safvat.
Details and sources
What is reported
See Omid Behzad.
Charge as reported
As for Omid Behzad.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
As for Omid Behzad.
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions on 3 August 2026.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Omid Behzad
Charge as reported: Sending military coordinates to Israel during the 12-Day and 40-Day wars (Mizan).
Executed with Pourya Safvat; IHRNGO counts at least twelve people executed on espionage charges since 28 February 2026.
Details and sources
What is reported
A video of their confessions was aired after the announcement.
Charge as reported
Sending military coordinates to Israel during the 12-Day and 40-Day wars (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says confessions were coerced and tortured.
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions on 3 August 2026.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Amirhossein Safari Hosseinabadi
Charge as reported: Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026.
Aged 28; he had lost the use of his left hand in an earlier accident, per reports cited by IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Hanged publicly with Abolfazl Sepahi Badjani.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Alikhani Square, Isfahan (public hanging)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
As for Abolfazl Sepahi Badjani.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Abolfazl Sepahi Badjani
Charge as reported: Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026.
Aged 25; one of the first public hangings recorded in Iran in 2026 per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
A crowd gathered at the site in an attempt to stop the hangings and was met with force by the authorities, per IHRNGO; HRANA reported the public execution on 28 July.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Alikhani Square, Isfahan (public hanging)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
HRW calls public execution a form of ill-treatment and the trial grossly unfair; IHRNGO says confessions were forced.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mehdi Khanaki
Charge as reported: Participation in the January 2026 protests in Karaj, membership of the PMOI/MEK, possessing weapons and activity on behalf of Israel and the US (per Mizan/Fars).
Aged 26, a law graduate from Karaj, per IHRNGO; counted as the 24th protester and 10th PMOI-affiliated prisoner executed since 19 March.
Details and sources
What is reported
Fars News Agency, which IHRNGO describes as IRGC-affiliated, reported the execution on 22 July.
Charge as reported
Participation in the January 2026 protests in Karaj, membership of the PMOI/MEK, possessing weapons and activity on behalf of Israel and the US (per Mizan/Fars).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Fars (described by IHRNGO as IRGC-affiliated) reported the execution; the IRGC’s role in the arrest or trial is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says he was tortured and his Revolutionary Court proceedings failed to meet minimum fair-trial standards.
Official Iranian position
Fars/Mizan reported the conviction and execution.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Gol Mohammad Mohammadi
Charge as reported: Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026 (as above).
Afghan national, aged 23 per unofficial reports cited by IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed together with Erfan Esfandiari.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026 (as above).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Isfahan Central Prison
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO criticises the Alikhani Square trials; HRW says that in cases it reviewed, courts relied heavily on detainees’ statements and officials failed to clearly establish individual guilt. Two of those executed were Afghan nationals.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Erfan Esfandiari
Charge as reported: Moharebeh over the 8 January 2026 ‘Alikhani Square’ unrest in Isfahan, in which four security personnel were reported killed, plus arson and property destruction.
IHRNGO gives his age as 18 from unofficial reports, and says it could not verify his age at the time of the alleged offence.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed together with Gol Mohammad Mohammadi. Five of the Alikhani Square defendants were executed by 20 August.
Charge as reported
Moharebeh over the 8 January 2026 ‘Alikhani Square’ unrest in Isfahan, in which four security personnel were reported killed, plus arson and property destruction.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Isfahan Central Prison
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO criticises the Alikhani Square trials; HRW says that in cases it reviewed, courts relied heavily on detainees’ statements and officials failed to clearly establish individual guilt. Two of those executed were Afghan nationals.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mohammad Amini Dehaghani
Charge as reported: ‘Waging war against God’ and ‘corruption on Earth’: blocking roads, a Molotov cocktail attack on the Dehaqan governor’s office and a police station on 9 January, ‘requesting a Kalashnikov’, plus propaganda charges (per Mizan, via HRW).
The twenty-first protester executed over the January protests, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
HRW notes Mizan reported no deaths or injuries in the alleged attack on the governor’s office.
Charge as reported
‘Waging war against God’ and ‘corruption on Earth’: blocking roads, a Molotov cocktail attack on the Dehaqan governor’s office and a police station on 9 January, ‘requesting a Kalashnikov’, plus propaganda charges (per Mizan, via HRW).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan); Isfahan Central Prison per IHRNGO
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
HRW says he was convicted on ‘confessions’ and CCTV and calls the charges vague; IHRNGO says no independent information about his case was available.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said he was convicted of moharebeh and efsad-fil-arz.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Aref Khoshkar
Charge as reported: Qisas for killing an IRGC member, Salman Amir Ahmadi, with a pellet gun in Tehran’s Abuzar neighbourhood in October 2022 (per Hamshahri, as relayed by IHRNGO).
The 15th Woman, Life, Freedom protester executed, per IHRNGO; hanged in a group of five in Ghezelhesar.
Details and sources
What is reported
Hamshahri reported the execution of five people without naming them; IHRNGO identified him. HRANA reported the execution.
Charge as reported
Qisas for killing an IRGC member, Salman Amir Ahmadi, with a pellet gun in Tehran’s Abuzar neighbourhood in October 2022 (per Hamshahri, as relayed by IHRNGO).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was an IRGC member. The IRGC’s role in the arrest or investigation is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says it has documented the use of pellet guns by state forces against protesters in several protest waves, and rejects the allegation as part of a pattern; it is IHRNGO’s characterisation.
Official Iranian position
Hamshahri newspaper reported the qisas sentences.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Javad Zamani
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’, ‘efsad-fil-arz’ (corruption on earth), arson and offences against national security over the 8 January 2026 Shahroud protests.
Arrested in the Shahroud protests.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed together with Abolfazl Saedi; IHRNGO counted at least 20 protesters executed by then.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’, ‘efsad-fil-arz’ (corruption on earth), arson and offences against national security over the 8 January 2026 Shahroud protests.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location, Semnan province (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says state media aired the men’s forced confessions when announcing the executions; it calls the proceedings unfair and the executions an attempt to instil fear.
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions and the charges.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Abolfazl Saedi
Charge as reported: As for Javad Zamani: moharebeh, efsad-fil-arz, arson, offences against national security.
Arrested in the Shahroud protests.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed together with Javad Zamani on 16 June 2026.
Charge as reported
As for Javad Zamani: moharebeh, efsad-fil-arz, arson, offences against national security.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location, Semnan province (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says state media aired the men’s forced confessions when announcing the executions; it calls the proceedings unfair and the executions an attempt to instil fear.
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions and the charges.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Fathollah Avari
Charge as reported: Qisas (retribution in kind) for the stabbing death of a policeman in Hamedan on 8 January 2026, per Mizan.
Aged 42; the eighteenth protester executed over the January protests, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Reported 3 June 2026; the judiciary did not state the date of execution.
What is reported
Mizan did not state the date or place; IHRNGO established the location. HRANA reported the execution on 3 June 2026.
Charge as reported
Qisas (retribution in kind) for the stabbing death of a policeman in Hamedan on 8 January 2026, per Mizan.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Hamedan Central Prison (established by IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says state media aired his confessions shortly after his arrest in late January and calls them forced.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said the Legal Medicine Organisation found the cause of death was a stab wound.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mehrdad Mohammadinia
Charge as reported: As for Ashkan Maleki (same case): operational actions against national security for Israel and the US; mosque and seminary arson.
Kurdish man from Qorveh, per IHRNGO and HRW.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed on 1 June 2026 together with Ashkan Maleki.
Charge as reported
As for Ashkan Maleki (same case): operational actions against national security for Israel and the US; mosque and seminary arson.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the executions were carried out secretly, without advance notice to families, and that a third defendant’s charges were elevated to capital offences at trial. It says they were convicted under the newly enacted espionage law. HRW also lists the case among executions on vague national-security charges.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced them for the charges above.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Ashkan Maleki
Charge as reported: ‘Operational actions against national security on behalf of Israel and the United States’ (2025 espionage law) and entering sacred buildings with intent, over a mosque and seminary arson in Tehran on 9 January 2026 (per Mizan).
Kurdish man from Qorveh, per IHRNGO and HRW; hanged without advance notice or a final family visit.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says a third defendant, Arman Marefati, faced imminent execution. HRANA reported the executions on 1 June.
Charge as reported
‘Operational actions against national security on behalf of Israel and the United States’ (2025 espionage law) and entering sacred buildings with intent, over a mosque and seminary arson in Tehran on 9 January 2026 (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the executions were carried out secretly, without advance notice to families, and that a third defendant’s charges were elevated to capital offences at trial. It says they were convicted under the newly enacted espionage law. HRW also lists the case among executions on vague national-security charges.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced them for the charges above.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Gholamreza Khani Shekarab
Charge as reported: Intelligence cooperation and espionage for Israel (judiciary).
Arrested on 24 September 2025 on a charge of collaboration with the Mossad, per IHRNGO. Fars reported he was lured back into Iran by a counter-intelligence operation.
Details and sources
What is reported
Fars News Agency reported his case was assigned to the Intelligence Organisation of the IRGC and that the primary defendant was abroad as an operational link.
Charge as reported
Intelligence cooperation and espionage for Israel (judiciary).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Fars News Agency, as quoted by IHRNGO, reported the case was assigned to the Intelligence Organisation of the IRGC.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (established by IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO had warned of his imminent execution on 21 May after his transfer to Ghezelhesar. It says defendants in such cases are coerced into confessions.
Official Iranian position
Mizan/Fars reported the execution.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Abbas Akbari Feizabadi
Charge as reported: Alleged leading role in attacking the county hall in Naeen during the 8-9 January 2026 protests (per Mizan).
IHRNGO counts him as the fifteenth protester executed over the January protests.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO described him as the fifteenth in 67 days; HRANA reported the execution.
Charge as reported
Alleged leading role in attacking the county hall in Naeen during the 8-9 January 2026 protests (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO urges a moratorium and says protesters have been tried without fair-trial guarantees.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said he ‘played a significant role in attacking the county hall’ in Naeen.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Mojtaba Kian
Charge as reported: ‘Intelligence activities for the Zionist regime and the United States’ under Article 1 of the new Law on Intensifying the Punishment for Espionage: sending coordinates of a defence-industry facility to a satellite channel (Mizan).
IHRNGO calls him the first person arrested during the ’40-day war’ to be executed, less than 50 days after his arrest.
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan said one ‘targeted location’ in Iran was struck during the war after he passed on information, and cited his ‘explicit confessions’ and a seized phone used to send eight messages. Reuters via Asharq Al-Awsat called it the first execution directly linked to spying offences committed during the war.
Charge as reported
‘Intelligence activities for the Zionist regime and the United States’ under Article 1 of the new Law on Intensifying the Punishment for Espionage: sending coordinates of a defence-industry facility to a satellite channel (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Unspecified location in Alborz province (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Hana Human Rights Organization says no independent details were released on how he accessed a lawyer, the trial or how his confessions were obtained, and that relying on confessions without transparency contradicts fair-trial principles. IHRNGO also notes the speed of the process.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentence was carried out ‘after completion of legal formalities’, less than 50 days after his arrest.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Ramin Zleh
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ through membership of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI); Mizan alleged a plot to assassinate an IRGC base commander and a religious figure.
Kurdish political prisoner arrested in summer 2024, per the Kurdistan Human Rights Network (via IHRNGO).
Details and sources
What is reported
Accused in the killing of an IRGC member in Piranshahr and an attack on a military vehicle and base, per the official account.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ through membership of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI); Mizan alleged a plot to assassinate an IRGC base commander and a religious figure.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim of the killing was an IRGC member; the IRGC base commander is named as an alleged target (Mizan, via IHRNGO). Which agency detained them is not stated in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO and the Kurdistan Human Rights Network say they were held incommunicado and tortured to confess; Kurdpa reported the trial took minutes with no lawyer of their choosing.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said their ‘detailed confessions’ were used as evidence.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Karim Maroufpour
Charge as reported: As for Ramin Zleh (KDPI membership, baghy).
Kurdish political prisoner, co-defendant of Ramin Zleh.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed on 21 May 2026 with Ramin Zleh.
Charge as reported
As for Ramin Zleh (KDPI membership, baghy).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
See entry for Ramin Zleh.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
As for Ramin Zleh.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said their ‘detailed confessions’ were used as evidence.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mohammad Abbasi
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’; the official report said the execution was carried out at the request of the victim’s next of kin (qisas), per IHRNGO.
Arrested 22 January 2026 in Malard, per HRANA; sentenced by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati).
Details and sources
What is reported
HRANA’s 1 May list had recorded his sentence as upheld by the Supreme Court. The fourteenth person executed over the January protests, per IHRNGO.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’; the official report said the execution was carried out at the request of the victim’s next of kin (qisas), per IHRNGO.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (HRANA)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
HRANA reported the execution in Ghezel Hesar Prison; see its report for the case details.
Official Iranian position
State media said the execution was carried out at the request of the victim’s next of kin, per IHRNGO.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Ehsan Afrashteh
Charge as reported: ‘Espionage and intelligence cooperation in favour of Israel’ (Mizan).
Aged 32, a civil-engineering graduate who reportedly worked in cybersecurity, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
The judiciary published his confessions at the time of the announcement.
Charge as reported
‘Espionage and intelligence cooperation in favour of Israel’ (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO reports he was under pressure to give forced confessions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied the lawyer of his choice.
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the execution on 13 May 2026.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Abdoljalil Shahbakhsh
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ through armed attacks on police stations and membership of Ansar al-Furqan, an armed Baluch group (per Mizan).
Baluch man (also known as Shakib), arrested over attacks on police stations during the 2022 protests, per Mizan.
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan said he acted as a ‘route clearer and reconnaissance force’.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ through armed attacks on police stations and membership of Ansar al-Furqan, an armed Baluch group (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says his confessions were forced and aired by state media.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Erfan Shakourzadeh
Charge as reported: ‘Espionage for Israel and the United States’ (ISNA, citing the judiciary).
Aged 29, a master’s student at Iran University of Science and Technology, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
In a prison letter (IHRNGO translation) he wrote that he was arrested by the IRGC Intelligence Organisation and held ‘eight and a half months’ under torture and solitary confinement.
Charge as reported
‘Espionage for Israel and the United States’ (ISNA, citing the judiciary).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
In his own letter, as quoted by IHRNGO, he says he was arrested by the IRGC Intelligence Organisation. The judiciary’s account of the arresting agency was not found in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed (ISNA citing the judiciary)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says confessions were forced; the claim of torture is his and IHRNGO’s.
Official Iranian position
ISNA reported the judiciary’s statement that he was hanged on 11 May 2026.
Last words, where published
“I am Erfan Shakourzadeh, 29 years old, one of the few so-called elites who chose not to emigrate.”
From a letter written in prison before his execution; English translation by Iran Human Rights. Source
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mohammadreza Miri
Charge as reported: Operational action for hostile states; accused of directly participating in the killing of a security officer (per Tasnim).
Aged 21 per HRANA (via the Guardian).
Details and sources
Note on the date
Date of hanging per HRANA/Guardian; the judiciary did not state it.
What is reported
Co-defendant with Mehdi Rasouli. IRIB later cited his case as one of three in which a security officer’s killing was attributed to the ‘terrorists’.
Charge as reported
Operational action for hostile states; accused of directly participating in the killing of a security officer (per Tasnim).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Alleged victim: a security officer. The IRGC’s role in the arrest is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad (per HRANA via Guardian)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the men were tried unfairly and that their statements were broadcast by state media; HRANA called them political prisoners sentenced after unfair revolutionary-court trials (as relayed by the Guardian).
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions on 4 May without a date; the Guardian, citing HRANA, reported the hangings at dawn on Sunday 3 May at Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. Tasnim said the sentences were issued under the 2025 Espionage Law for operational action on behalf of hostile governments.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mehrab Abdollahzadeh
Charge as reported: ‘Efsad-fil-arz’ (corruption on earth) for allegedly injuring an IRGC member on 22 September 2022 who died in hospital three days later (Tasnim; official reports).
Aged 29, a Kurdish barber arrested 22 October 2022 in the Woman, Life, Freedom protests, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Announced 3 May 2026; HRW gives 4 or 5 May.
What is reported
Tasnim announced the execution on 3 May; HRW gives 4 May and later 5 May, so the exact date is uncertain. Kurdistan Human Rights Network published audio recordings from prison.
Charge as reported
‘Efsad-fil-arz’ (corruption on earth) for allegedly injuring an IRGC member on 22 September 2022 who died in hospital three days later (Tasnim; official reports).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was an IRGC member. Per IHRNGO, the arrest was on 22 October 2022 and he alleges 42 days of torture; which agency interrogated him is not stated in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Urmia (undisclosed location, per Tasnim)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says he was tortured to confess; his lawyer said the seven-volume case file was riddled with procedural and jurisdictional flaws; HRW says the family and lawyer were not notified in advance.
Official Iranian position
Per IHRNGO, Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court (Judge Najafzadeh) sentenced him to death on 19 September 2024; his appeal was rejected.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mehdi Rasouli
Charge as reported: Operational action for hostile states; accused of directly participating in the killing of a security officer, making and using weapons including a handmade sword, using Molotov cocktails and destroying property on 8 January 2026 (per Tasnim).
Aged 25 per HRANA (via the Guardian).
Details and sources
Note on the date
Date of hanging per HRANA/Guardian; the judiciary did not state it.
What is reported
Co-defendant with Mohammadreza Miri.
Charge as reported
Operational action for hostile states; accused of directly participating in the killing of a security officer, making and using weapons including a handmade sword, using Molotov cocktails and destroying property on 8 January 2026 (per Tasnim).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Alleged victim: a security officer. The IRGC’s role in the arrest is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad (per HRANA via Guardian)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the men were tried unfairly and that their statements were broadcast by state media; HRANA called them political prisoners sentenced after unfair revolutionary-court trials (as relayed by the Guardian).
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions on 4 May without a date; the Guardian, citing HRANA, reported the hangings at dawn on Sunday 3 May at Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. Tasnim said the sentences were issued under the 2025 Espionage Law for operational action on behalf of hostile governments.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Ebrahim Dolatabadinejad
Charge as reported: Operational action on behalf of hostile states, said by Tasnim to include leading about 250-300 machete-armed people who blocked roads, with deaths of security forces and damage to a Basij base and a bank, on 8-9 January 2026.
Father of two, per IHRNGO; named in IHRNGO’s 30 April list of 44 protesters at risk of execution.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Date of hanging per HRANA/Guardian; the judiciary did not state it.
What is reported
Tried in a case separate from Rasouli and Miri; accused of acting as a protest leader through social media on Tabarsi Boulevard in Mashhad.
Charge as reported
Operational action on behalf of hostile states, said by Tasnim to include leading about 250-300 machete-armed people who blocked roads, with deaths of security forces and damage to a Basij base and a bank, on 8-9 January 2026.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The state accounts say security personnel were killed in the unrest and a Basij base was attacked; the IRGC’s role in his arrest is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad (per HRANA via Guardian)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the men were tried unfairly and that their statements were broadcast by state media; HRANA called them political prisoners sentenced after unfair revolutionary-court trials (as relayed by the Guardian).
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the executions on 4 May without a date; the Guardian, citing HRANA, reported the hangings at dawn on Sunday 3 May at Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. Tasnim said the sentences were issued under the 2025 Espionage Law for operational action on behalf of hostile governments.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Yaghoub Karimpour
Charge as reported: Espionage for Israel (per Tasnim).
Aged 43, an Azerbaijani-Turkic man, per IHRNGO; arrested by the Ministry of Intelligence on 13 June 2025 and held 75 days in Miandoab, per an informed source.
Details and sources
What is reported
Kurdistan Human Rights Network reported both men were transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unknown location on 30 April.
Charge as reported
Espionage for Israel (per Tasnim).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IHRNGO reports he was arrested by the Ministry of Intelligence; no IRGC role is reported for him.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Unspecified location (Tasnim); held in Urmia before transfer
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says both men were subjected to torture to extract confessions; this is its and the sources’ allegation.
Official Iranian position
Tasnim announced the execution on 2 May.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Naser Bakerzadeh
Charge as reported: ‘Efsad-fil-arz’ for intelligence cooperation with the Mossad (per IHRNGO).
Aged 26, a Kurdish man who worked in the tourism trade, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
In a letter from prison dated 25 April he wrote that he was arrested on 2 January 2024 and held for three months in solitary confinement in an IRGC Intelligence unit under severe psychological torture (IHRNGO translation).
Charge as reported
‘Efsad-fil-arz’ for intelligence cooperation with the Mossad (per IHRNGO).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Per his own letter (as quoted by IHRNGO), he was held for three months in an IRGC Intelligence unit.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Unspecified location (Tasnim); held in Urmia before transfer
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
As above; the torture allegation is his, as quoted by IHRNGO.
Official Iranian position
Tasnim announced the execution on 2 May.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Sasan Azadvar Jonaqani
Charge as reported: ‘Waging war against God’ for allegedly throwing stones, breaking the windows of a police minibus and inciting others (per Mizan).
Aged 21; Kyokushin karate champion, per IHRNGO; executed under four months after arrest, per HRW.
Details and sources
What is reported
Branch 1 of the Isfahan Revolutionary Court sentenced him. HRW, citing Mizan verdict excerpts, says the government did not allege he killed anyone.
Charge as reported
‘Waging war against God’ for allegedly throwing stones, breaking the windows of a police minibus and inciting others (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Isfahan Central Prison (established by IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
HRW says the trial was grossly unfair and the offences alleged were not ‘most serious crimes’ under international law. IHRNGO describes torture-tainted confessions in protest cases generally.
Official Iranian position
Mizan published verdict excerpts naming the acts above.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Amer Ramesh
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through bombing and ambushes against military forces and membership of Jaysh al-Adl and the Baloch Justice Seekers Movement (as quoted by IHRNGO).
Baluch political prisoner, per IHRNGO; Haalvsh reports he was shot and arrested at 18 and was deprived of a last family visit. Iran describes Jaysh al-Adl as a terrorist group.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says authorities earlier told his family he had been killed and later aired his confessions.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through bombing and ambushes against military forces and membership of Jaysh al-Adl and the Baloch Justice Seekers Movement (as quoted by IHRNGO).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Zahedan Central Prison (reported by Haalvsh via IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says his confessions were torture-tainted.
Official Iranian position
Tasnim reported the execution and the charge.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Erfan Kiani
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ through drawing a machete to intimidate the public, blocking streets and inciting violence (per Tasnim); HRW: throwing stones and a Molotov cocktail, vandalising traffic cameras.
Arrested 8 January 2026 in Isfahan; IHRNGO says little was known of his case before the announcement.
Details and sources
What is reported
The Isfahan Revolutionary Court sentenced him; Tasnim named him ‘the leader of a group of enemy agents in Isfahan’.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ through drawing a machete to intimidate the public, blocking streets and inciting violence (per Tasnim); HRW: throwing stones and a Molotov cocktail, vandalising traffic cameras.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location in Isfahan (Tasnim)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says no earlier information about the case was public. HRW says the government did not allege he killed anyone.
Official Iranian position
Tasnim and Mizan reported the charge and said he had ‘confessed’ to a role in arson.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Soltan Ali Shirzadi Fakhr
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ (enmity against God) through taking up arms in the ‘Forough Javidan’ and ‘Chelcheragh’ operations, MEK membership and ‘collaboration with the Zionist regime’ (per Mizan, via IHRNGO).
IHRNGO says he lived in Spain and had reportedly returned to Iran to visit family; it counts him as the ninth MEK-affiliated political prisoner executed in the last month.
Details and sources
What is reported
The ‘Forough Javidan’ (Eternal Light) operation was the MEK’s 1988 armed incursion from Iraq. IHRNGO says his confessions are cited as evidence and that no evidence of collusion with Israel is presented; it calls this a rare case of execution for alleged armed operations nearly four decades ago. HRANA reported his execution on 23 April.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ (enmity against God) through taking up arms in the ‘Forough Javidan’ and ‘Chelcheragh’ operations, MEK membership and ‘collaboration with the Zionist regime’ (per Mizan, via IHRNGO).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the case rests on confessions; it criticises the use of the death penalty against political prisoners.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the conviction and execution.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Mehdi Farid
Charge as reported: ‘Efsad-fil-arz’ (corruption on earth) through intelligence collaboration and espionage for the Mossad (Mizan).
IHRNGO counts him as the fourth person hanged on such charges in 2026.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says he was transferred to Ghezelhesar in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Efsad-fil-arz’ (corruption on earth) through intelligence collaboration and espionage for the Mossad (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan); probably Ghezelhesar Prison per IHRNGO
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says defendants in such cases were coerced and tortured into self-incriminating confessions later used as the basis of sentences.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the sentence and charge.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Amir Ali Mir Jafari
Charge as reported: Operational acts for the ‘Zionist regime’ and the US through arson of the Gholhak Jame Mosque and public property, and attacking officers with a short machete (per Mizan).
Arrested over the January 2026 protests in Tehran.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says the Supreme Court upheld the sentence relying heavily on his own confessions. HRANA reported the execution on 21 April 2026.
Charge as reported
Operational acts for the ‘Zionist regime’ and the US through arson of the Gholhak Jame Mosque and public property, and attacking officers with a short machete (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says confessions were extracted under torture or duress, a routine practice in its view.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the execution and the charge as above.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Mohammad (Nima) Masoum Shahi
Charge as reported: As for Hamed Validi.
Aged 38, a technical worker from Karaj, arrested in Tehran on 12 May 2025, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Executed with Hamed Validi on 20 April 2026.
Charge as reported
As for Hamed Validi.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Karaj prison (Karaj Central/Ghezelhesar, per rights groups)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says they were reportedly tortured and coerced, including through the arrest of family members, to give false confessions.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they constructed explosive projectiles and moved them to launch sites, and that ten ready-to-fire projectiles and mortar-making equipment were found; Iranian media also described a ‘spy network linked to Mossad’ and MEK ties.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Hamed Validi
Charge as reported: Alleged building and delivering explosive projectiles; Iranian media linked the case to Mossad and the MEK.
Aged 45, a civil engineer from Karaj, arrested in Tehran on 12 May 2025, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
HRANA’s headline calls it ‘alleged cooperation with Mossad’; the MEK says the men were its members (MEK statements are partisan).
Charge as reported
Alleged building and delivering explosive projectiles; Iranian media linked the case to Mossad and the MEK.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Karaj prison (Karaj Central/Ghezelhesar, per rights groups)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says they were reportedly tortured and coerced, including through the arrest of family members, to give false confessions.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they constructed explosive projectiles and moved them to launch sites, and that ten ready-to-fire projectiles and mortar-making equipment were found; Iranian media also described a ‘spy network linked to Mossad’ and MEK ties.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Ali Fahim
Charge as reported: Participating in operational acts against national security on behalf of the ‘Zionist regime’, the US and hostile groups; entering classified military sites (per Mizan).
Aged 23; the fourth defendant of the seven-man case hanged within five days.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO says co-defendants Abolfazl Salehi Siavashani, Shahab Zohdi and Yaser Rajaifar remained at risk; HRANA reported on 17-18 August that the Supreme Court had overturned some of the remaining sentences and sent them for retrial.
Charge as reported
Participating in operational acts against national security on behalf of the ‘Zionist regime’, the US and hostile groups; entering classified military sites (per Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC’s role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (established by IHRNGO)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting ‘on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups’, entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants ‘deceived youth’.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Shahin Vahedparast Kolor
Charge as reported: Attacking a classified military site, destruction, arson and attempted access to its armoury (as reported by Mizan).
Co-defendant of Hatami and Biglari; hanged on 5 April 2026.
Details and sources
What is reported
See entry for Mohammad Amin Biglari: the two were announced together by Mizan.
Charge as reported
Attacking a classified military site, destruction, arson and attempted access to its armoury (as reported by Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC’s role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (reported)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting ‘on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups’, entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants ‘deceived youth’.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mohammad Amin Biglari
Charge as reported: Attacking a classified military site, destruction, arson and attempted access to its armoury (as reported by Mizan).
Arrested 8 January 2026 in Tehran; hanged 87 days after arrest, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan announced on 5 April 2026 that Biglari and Shahin Vahedparast Kolor were hanged; co-defendant Amirhossein Hatami had been hanged on 2 April.
Charge as reported
Attacking a classified military site, destruction, arson and attempted access to its armoury (as reported by Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC’s role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (reported)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting ‘on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups’, entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants ‘deceived youth’.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Vahid Bani-Amerian
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ through membership of the MEK/PMOI; Mizan alleged propaganda for the group and taking part in operations.
Aged 32, an MBA student who taught physics, per IHRNGO; Mizan said he was arrested with Montazer preparing a launcher operation and four launchers were found.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ through membership of the MEK/PMOI; Mizan alleged propaganda for the group and taking part in operations.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO’s account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of ‘baghy’ (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Abolhassan Montazer
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through membership of the MEK/PMOI; Mizan alleged he arranged safe houses used for building launchers and bombs.
Aged 65, an architect and father of two, previously jailed under the Shah and in the 1980s and 2019, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through membership of the MEK/PMOI; Mizan alleged he arranged safe houses used for building launchers and bombs.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO’s account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of ‘baghy’ (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Amirhossein Hatami
Charge as reported: Operational action against national security for hostile states and groups, entering classified military sites, arson of state property (as reported by Mizan).
Aged 18; hanged 84 days after his arrest at the 8 January 2026 Tehran protest, per IHRNGO and HRW.
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan announced the execution on 2 April 2026. IHRNGO reports the execution was reportedly carried out in Ghezelhesar Prison. He was one of seven defendants sentenced to death in a single case.
Charge as reported
Operational action against national security for hostile states and groups, entering classified military sites, arson of state property (as reported by Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC’s role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (reported)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting ‘on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups’, entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants ‘deceived youth’.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Pouya Ghobadi (Boostani)
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ through membership of the MEK/PMOI.
Aged 32, an electrical engineer whose five relatives were jailed and executed in the 1980s, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ through membership of the MEK/PMOI.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO’s account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of ‘baghy’ (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Babak Alipour
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ through membership of the MEK/PMOI.
Aged 34, a law graduate previously arrested in 2018 and 2021, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ through membership of the MEK/PMOI.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO’s account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of ‘baghy’ (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through membership of the MEK/PMOI.
Aged 60, a former political prisoner and survivor of the 1988 prison killings, arrested in Chaldaran on 23 February 2024, per IHRNGO; held almost a year in Evin Ward 209.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through membership of the MEK/PMOI.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO’s account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of ‘baghy’ (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Political / ethnic minority
Akbar (Shahrokh) Daneshvarkar
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through membership of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK/PMOI).
Aged 59, a civil engineer and father, arrested at his Tehran home on 3 January 2024, per IHRNGO.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion) through membership of the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK/PMOI).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO’s account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of ‘baghy’ (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Saleh Mohammadi
Charge as reported: Murder (qisas) in the Qom Criminal Court and ‘waging war against God’ (moharebeh) in a revolutionary court, over the death of a policeman on 8 January 2026, as reported by Mizan and HRW.
Teenage national-team wrestler arrested in January 2026; hanged about five weeks after arrest, according to HRW.
Details and sources
What is reported
Reported by Mizan and IHRNGO: arrested after the 8 January 2026 protests in Qom, tried in two parallel proceedings, and hanged in public on 19 March 2026. HRW says the Qom Criminal Court convicted him of murder and sentenced him to retribution in kind, and that a revolutionary-court branch also sentenced him to death.
Charge as reported
Murder (qisas) in the Qom Criminal Court and ‘waging war against God’ (moharebeh) in a revolutionary court, over the death of a policeman on 8 January 2026, as reported by Mizan and HRW.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Alleged victim: a member of the security forces (police). Arrest by which agency: not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Qom (public execution, per Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO calls the trials grossly unfair and says confessions were extracted under torture and coercion. Human Rights Watch reviewed a Qom court verdict and says the men were tried in parallel criminal and revolutionary-court proceedings on overlapping facts.
Official Iranian position
Mizan (judiciary) reported the three were hanged ‘in the presence of a group of people in Qom’ and were accused of participating in the killing of policemen during the 8 January protests in Qom.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Saeed Davodi
Charge as reported: ‘Waging war against God’ (moharebeh) by a revolutionary court; in the criminal court he was convicted of non-fatal assault, per HRW.
Co-defendant of Saleh Mohammadi; hanged in Qom on the same day.
Details and sources
What is reported
IHRNGO gives his age as 21 (he would have turned 22 on 21 March). HRW, citing a 3 February verdict, says the criminal court convicted him of assault (prison term and blood money) rather than murder, yet a revolutionary court sentenced him to death.
Charge as reported
‘Waging war against God’ (moharebeh) by a revolutionary court; in the criminal court he was convicted of non-fatal assault, per HRW.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Qom (public execution, per Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO calls the trials grossly unfair and says confessions were extracted under torture and coercion. Human Rights Watch reviewed a Qom court verdict and says the men were tried in parallel criminal and revolutionary-court proceedings on overlapping facts.
Official Iranian position
Mizan (judiciary) reported the three were hanged ‘in the presence of a group of people in Qom’ and were accused of participating in the killing of policemen during the 8 January protests in Qom.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Protest-related
Mehdi Ghasemi
Charge as reported: ‘Waging war against God’ (moharebeh), over the alleged killing of a member of the security forces in a separate incident, per HRW.
Hanged in Qom on the same day as Saleh Mohammadi and Saeed Davodi.
Details and sources
What is reported
HRW says Ghasemi was tried alongside the other two on the same charge although the allegation concerned a different incident (a group trial of unrelated cases). Mizan said the three were accused over the deaths of two policemen on 8 January.
Charge as reported
‘Waging war against God’ (moharebeh), over the alleged killing of a member of the security forces in a separate incident, per HRW.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Qom (public execution, per Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO calls the trials grossly unfair and says confessions were extracted under torture and coercion. Human Rights Watch reviewed a Qom court verdict and says the men were tried in parallel criminal and revolutionary-court proceedings on overlapping facts.
Official Iranian position
Mizan (judiciary) reported the three were hanged ‘in the presence of a group of people in Qom’ and were accused of participating in the killing of policemen during the 8 January protests in Qom.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Kourosh Keyvani
Charge as reported: ‘Intelligence cooperation and espionage in favour of the Israeli government’ (Mizan).
Iranian-Swedish dual national; arrested 16 June 2025 in Savojbolagh county, per IHRNGO. The case drew a reaction from Sweden and the EU (Al Jazeera).
Details and sources
What is reported
Tasnim said he was recruited online in 2023 after submitting details through a group-travel advertisement. IHRNGO says his trial was held in December in the presence of a lawyer of his choosing, but calls the proceedings grossly unfair.
Charge as reported
‘Intelligence cooperation and espionage in favour of the Israeli government’ (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
IHRNGO reports he was arrested by the Intelligence Organisation of the IRGC on 16 June 2025.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Undisclosed location (Mizan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
IHRNGO says the conviction rested on electronic correspondence, videos and images from his devices and confessions attributed to him.
Official Iranian position
Mizan announced the execution on 18 March 2026 and the charge.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Bahman Choobi-asl
Charge as reported: ‘Corruption on earth’ through espionage; Mizan said he worked on ‘sensitive telecommunications projects’ and met Mossad officials (Al Jazeera).
Described by Mizan as ‘one of the most important spies for Israel in Iran’.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Reported on 29 September 2025; the execution date is given as that day by Al Jazeera citing Mizan.
What is reported
The Supreme Court rejected his appeal and confirmed the sentence, per Mizan.
Charge as reported
‘Corruption on earth’ through espionage; Mizan said he worked on ‘sensitive telecommunications projects’ and met Mossad officials (Al Jazeera).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified by Mizan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Al Jazeera notes Iran has executed ten people for espionage since the June 2025 war; rights groups dispute espionage trials’ fairness (see Shahbazi entry for activists’ claims).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said Mossad sought the database of governmental institutions and a breach in Iranian data centres.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Al Jazeera
- Alleged espionage
Babak Shahbazi
Charge as reported: Espionage and intelligence cooperation with Israel (Mizan): alleged sale of information on telecommunications and military data centres.
A contractor who designed industrial cooling systems, per Mizan. Activists said he wrote to Ukraine’s president offering to fight in Kyiv (Al Jazeera).
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan said the Supreme Court confirmed the sentence; Mizan links his case to Esmail Fekri, who it says he met in a virtual group.
Charge as reported
Espionage and intelligence cooperation with Israel (Mizan): alleged sale of information on telecommunications and military data centres.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified by Mizan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Activists disputed the claim and said Shahbazi was tortured into a false confession (Al Jazeera, attributed to activists).
Official Iranian position
Mizan said he intended to sell information to Mossad for money and foreign residency.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Mizan Online
- Protest-related
Mehran Bahramian
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ for the alleged killing of Special Forces officer Mohsen Rezaei in Semirom, Isfahan Province (Mizan).
Arrested on 16 January 2023, per the judiciary (HRANA). AP counts it as the 12th known execution linked to the 2022 protests.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Mizan dates the attack to 10 January 2023; AP reports December 2022.
What is reported
The Supreme Court overturned the first death sentence and sent the case for retrial; the sentence was reissued and upheld (HRANA citing the judiciary). Mizan dated the attack to 10 January 2023; AP reported December 2022.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ for the alleged killing of Special Forces officer Mohsen Rezaei in Semirom, Isfahan Province (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was a Special Forces police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (case from Semirom, Isfahan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
HRANA and Iran Human Rights reported on the case; see sources. Rights groups cite concerns over unfair trials in protest cases generally.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said the attack was an armed attack on a police vehicle with others.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at HRANA
- Alleged espionage
Rouzbeh Vadi
Charge as reported: Passing classified information to the Mossad, including information about an Iranian nuclear scientist killed in the June 2025 war (Mizan, via AP).
Mizan said he met Mossad officers five times in Vienna. State TV aired a brief video purporting to show his confession.
Details and sources
What is reported
AP says it was unclear if he spoke under duress.
Charge as reported
Passing classified information to the Mossad, including information about an Iranian nuclear scientist killed in the June 2025 war (Mizan, via AP).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The arresting agency and time and place of arrest were not identified by Mizan (AP).
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified by Mizan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Charges are the Iranian judiciary’s claims. Rights groups say espionage trials in Iran lack fair-trial guarantees. AP notes it was unclear if the aired confession was voluntary.
Official Iranian position
IRNA said he worked with ‘important and sensitive agencies’ in Iran and was attractive to Mossad because of his ‘access level’.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Associated Press
- Political / ethnic minority
Mehdi Hassani (Hasani)
Charge as reported: As for Behrouz Ehsani.
Executed with Behrouz Ehsani.
Details and sources
What is reported
See entry for Behrouz Ehsani.
Charge as reported
As for Behrouz Ehsani.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (per Hana)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty says the men denied the accusations, saying they were based on forced ‘confessions’ extracted through torture, and that they were interrogated without lawyers. Amnesty called the charges ‘overly broad and vaguely defined’.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they ‘manufactured launchers’ causing damage to civilians, homes, administrative buildings and educational and charity centres; it said they used improvised mortar launchers (AP).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Political / ethnic minority
Behrouz Ehsani (Eslamlou)
Charge as reported: ‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion), ‘moharebeh’ and ‘corruption on earth’ for alleged MEK/PMOI affiliation and building mortar launchers (Mizan, Amnesty).
Executed with Mehdi Hassani. The MEK is a banned opposition group; Iranian authorities describe it as terrorist.
Details and sources
What is reported
Amnesty had issued an urgent appeal for both in January 2025.
Charge as reported
‘Baghy’ (armed rebellion), ‘moharebeh’ and ‘corruption on earth’ for alleged MEK/PMOI affiliation and building mortar launchers (Mizan, Amnesty).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (per Hana)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty says the men denied the accusations, saying they were based on forced ‘confessions’ extracted through torture, and that they were interrogated without lawyers. Amnesty called the charges ‘overly broad and vaguely defined’.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said they ‘manufactured launchers’ causing damage to civilians, homes, administrative buildings and educational and charity centres; it said they used improvised mortar launchers (AP).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Alleged espionage
Mohammad-Amin Mahdavi Shayesteh
Charge as reported: Intelligence cooperation with the Zionist regime (Mizan); Rudaw adds an accusation of cooperating with Iran International.
Aged 27, a political prisoner from Tehran, arrested on 4 December 2023 and held nearly three months in a high-security facility, per Hengaw.
Details and sources
What is reported
Hengaw (via Hands Off Cain) says he was sentenced by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) and denied an independent lawyer.
Charge as reported
Intelligence cooperation with the Zionist regime (Mizan); Rudaw adds an accusation of cooperating with Iran International.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Hengaw says he was denied access to an independent defence attorney. Rudaw notes confessions in such cases ‘are widely believed to be coerced’. State outlets said the execution followed ‘full legal due process’.
Official Iranian position
Mizan: ‘hanged this morning for intelligence cooperation with the Zionist regime’ (Rudaw).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at IHRNGO
- Alleged espionage
Majid Masibi (Mosayebi)
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ and ‘corruption on earth’ for espionage and intelligence cooperation with Israel (Mizan).
Mizan said he was paid in cryptocurrency and reported weekly to a Mossad handler.
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan said the trial was held with the defendant and his lawyer present and the Supreme Court gave final confirmation. Executed on the tenth day of the Israel-Iran war (AFP).
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ and ‘corruption on earth’ for espionage and intelligence cooperation with Israel (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Mizan says he was identified and arrested by ‘Iranian intelligence agents’; no agency is named.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified by Mizan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Charges are the Iranian judiciary’s claims. Rights groups say espionage trials in Iran lack fair-trial guarantees. No named monitor’s statement on this individual case was found in the sources consulted.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said ‘solid evidence submitted by security officials’ supported the verdict.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Mizan Online
- Alleged espionage
Esmail Fekri
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ and ‘corruption on earth’ for espionage and cooperation with Israel’s Mossad (Mizan, via AFP).
Arrested in December 2023, per Mizan, ‘while he was still in communication’ with the Israeli service. Executed while the Israel-Iran war was under way.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Mizan’s later Shahbazi article gives Fekri’s execution date as 15 June 2025; AFP and Mizan’s 16 June report give 16 June.
What is reported
Mizan said the Supreme Court affirmed the sentence and the ‘full criminal procedure’ was completed. Mizan’s own date for the execution of Fekri in a later article is 15 June 2025; its 16 June announcement and AFP date it 16 June.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ and ‘corruption on earth’ for espionage and cooperation with Israel’s Mossad (Mizan, via AFP).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Mizan attributes the arrest to ‘Iran’s security and intelligence apparatus’ without naming an agency.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified by Mizan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Charges are the Iranian judiciary’s claims. Rights groups say espionage trials in Iran lack fair-trial guarantees. No named monitor’s statement on this individual case was found in the sources consulted.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said the case documents showed contact with two Mossad officers and attempts to transfer classified information for money.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Mizan Online
- Protest-related
Mojahed (Abbas) Kourkouri
Charge as reported: Armed attacks and membership of a ‘rebellion group’; accused by authorities of involvement in the killing of seven people, including nine-year-old Kian Pirfalak, in Izeh in November 2022 (Mizan, via BBC).
BBC counts him as the 11th person known to be executed in relation to the 2022 protests; he was shot and injured in the knee during his arrest.
Details and sources
What is reported
Authorities blamed ‘terrorist agents’ for the killing of Kian Pirfalak; Kian’s family has repeatedly said it does not think Kourkouri was involved and his mother was heard saying ‘Plainclothes forces shot my child’. She later appeared to recant on state TV.
Charge as reported
Armed attacks and membership of a ‘rebellion group’; accused by authorities of involvement in the killing of seven people, including nine-year-old Kian Pirfalak, in Izeh in November 2022 (Mizan, via BBC).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The killing was reported by his family as having been committed by ‘plainclothes forces’ (BBC); this is the family’s account. The Iranian authorities maintain a ‘rioter’ shot the boy. His arrest was an armed raid, per rights groups cited by BBC; the arresting agency is not named in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (case from Izeh, Khuzestan)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty says he was subjected to enforced disappearance and torture to extract ‘confessions’ broadcast on state media, and that he was denied an independently chosen lawyer.
Official Iranian position
Mizan reported the conviction for armed attacks and membership of a rebellion group.
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Alleged espionage
Mohsen Langarneshin
Charge as reported: Espionage for Israel’s Mossad and giving ‘technical support’ for the 2022 killing of IRGC Colonel Hassan Sayyad Khodaei in Tehran (IRNA, via The Guardian).
Aged 36, a former IT consultant. IRNA said Mossad recruited him in 2020; he was arrested in July 2023. His mother said there was evidence of his innocence the court refused to accept.
Details and sources
What is reported
Convicted by a Revolutionary Court presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, per the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center (Guardian).
Charge as reported
Espionage for Israel’s Mossad and giving ‘technical support’ for the 2022 killing of IRGC Colonel Hassan Sayyad Khodaei in Tehran (IRNA, via The Guardian).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged target of the operation was an IRGC colonel. The arresting agency is not named in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Iran Human Rights said he was ‘sentenced to death in an unfair judicial process based on confessions obtained under torture’ (Guardian). His family and rights groups said he was innocent; the Guardian reports these as their claims.
Official Iranian position
IRNA called him a ‘senior spy’ for the Mossad.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Iran Human Rights
Political / ethnic minorityJamshid Sharmahd
Charge as reported: ‘Corruption on earth’ linked to a 2008 mosque bombing in Shiraz that killed 14, and alleged leadership of the Tondar monarchist group (judiciary).
Aged 69, a German citizen and California resident. Germany’s Foreign Minister called his death a ‘murder’ and announced the closure of the three Iranian consulates-general in Germany.
Details and sources
What is reported
AP reports he was kidnapped in Dubai in 2020; Iran’s Intelligence Ministry announced his capture in a ‘complex operation’. A 2022 UN expert finding called his detention ‘arbitrary’. He was sentenced to death in February 2023.
Charge as reported
‘Corruption on earth’ linked to a 2008 mosque bombing in Shiraz that killed 14, and alleged leadership of the Tondar monarchist group (judiciary).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
AP describes the abduction as carried out ‘by Iranian security forces’; Iran’s Intelligence Ministry announced the capture. No IRGC arrest role is reported in the sources consulted, though the judiciary also accused him of ‘disclosing classified information’ on IRGC missile sites.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not stated in the sources consulted
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty International said his ‘confessions’ were forced (DW). Germany said he was held for years ‘without a fair trial’.
Official Iranian position
The judiciary announced the execution, saying ‘Without a doubt, the divine promise regarding the supporters of terrorism will be fulfilled’ (AP).
Sources
Photo: Gazelle Sharmahd, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (resized). Families may ask for removal.
- Protest-related
Reza (Gholamreza) Rasaei
Charge as reported: Involvement in the intentional murder of Nader Beyrami, head of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation in Sahneh, during an anti-government protest on 18 November 2022 (sentence under qisas, per KHRN).
Aged 35, a Kurdish Yarsani civilian (KHRN). His family was not informed in advance, per Amnesty and KHRN, and he was buried under security-force supervision.
Details and sources
What is reported
Sentenced on 7 October 2023 by a Kermanshah criminal court, per KHRN and Amnesty. Amnesty counts him as the 10th person executed in relation to the uprising.
Charge as reported
Involvement in the intentional murder of Nader Beyrami, head of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation in Sahneh, during an anti-government protest on 18 November 2022 (sentence under qisas, per KHRN).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was the head of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation in Sahneh (KHRN). No IRGC role in his interrogation is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Dizel Abad Prison, Kermanshah
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty says the trial relied on forced ‘confessions’ obtained under torture, including beatings, electric shocks, suffocation and sexual violence (as reported to it by an informed source).
Official Iranian position
The sentence was imposed under qisas, which gives the victim’s family the right to demand retribution.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Political / ethnic minority
Kamran Sheikheh
Charge as reported: ‘Corruption on earth’ in the case over the 2008 killing of Mahabad prayer leader Abdolrahim Tina (RFE/RL, AFP).
The last of seven Kurdish co-defendants executed between November 2023 and July 2024; held almost 15 years.
Details and sources
What is reported
Arrested in 2010 (AFP via Al Arabiya). IHR called him a ‘political prisoner’ sentenced ‘based on torture-tainted confessions in a grossly unfair trial’.
Charge as reported
‘Corruption on earth’ in the case over the 2008 killing of Mahabad prayer leader Abdolrahim Tina (RFE/RL, AFP).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Urmia Prison
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty said the seven were sentenced ‘in a grossly unfair trial’ marred by torture allegations; IHR director Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam said the execution amounted to ‘an extrajudicial killing’.
Official Iranian position
Iranian authorities convicted the seven men over the September 2008 killing of Abdolrahim Tina, a congregational prayer leader in Mahabad (RFE/RL, HRANA).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at RFE/RL
- Political / ethnic minority
Anwar (Anvar) Khezri
Charge as reported: ‘Spreading corruption on earth’, ‘acting against national security’, ‘propaganda against the state’ and ‘membership in Salafi groups’ (per KHRN).
A Kurdish Sunni prisoner of conscience (per KHRN), held for 14 years. Arrested on 21 January 2010 after being summoned to the prosecutor’s office in Mahabad.
Details and sources
What is reported
Tried in 2016 by Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Moghiseh); informed of the death sentence on 25 May 2016. KHRN says he was moved to solitary confinement on 30 April and denied a final family visit.
Charge as reported
‘Spreading corruption on earth’, ‘acting against national security’, ‘propaganda against the state’ and ‘membership in Salafi groups’ (per KHRN).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
KHRN says he was taken to the Ministry of Intelligence detention centre in Urmia, not to an IRGC facility.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
In a 2019 letter quoted by KHRN he described severe torture at the Ministry of Intelligence detention centre in Urmia. Amnesty said the group of seven was sentenced after a trial lasting minutes that relied on torture-tainted ‘confessions’.
Official Iranian position
Iranian authorities convicted the seven men over the September 2008 killing of Abdolrahim Tina, a congregational prayer leader in Mahabad (RFE/RL, HRANA).
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Kurdistan Human Rights Network
- Protest-related
Mohammad Ghobadlou
Charge as reported: ‘Corruption on earth’ and intentional murder, for allegedly running over a police officer (Farid Karampour Hassanvand) with his car during a protest in Robat Karim, Tehran Province, in September 2022 (Mizan, Amnesty).
Aged 23. His mother said he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder as a teenager and had stopped medication before the protests (BBC).
Details and sources
What is reported
Amnesty says the Supreme Court quashed the sentence and ordered a retrial in July 2023, but the retrial never took place after the Head of the Judiciary intervened; Mizan said the Supreme Court had twice rejected such appeals and that it was executed after ‘487 days of judicial review’.
Charge as reported
‘Corruption on earth’ and intentional murder, for allegedly running over a police officer (Farid Karampour Hassanvand) with his car during a protest in Robat Karim, Tehran Province, in September 2022 (Mizan, Amnesty).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Rights groups said he faced an unfair trial marred by torture allegations (BBC). His lawyer, Amir Raesian, said the execution would be illegal and amount to ‘murder’ (BBC); Mizan said his claim was untrue.
Official Iranian position
Mizan said the sentence was carried out after the Supreme Court upheld it.
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Political / ethnic minority
Farhad Salimi
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’/’corruption on earth’ in the case of the killing of Mahabad prayer leader Abdolrahim Tina in 2008 (HRANA, Amnesty).
A Kurdish Sunni man held for about 14 years; the fourth of seven co-defendants executed since November 2023 (Amnesty).
Details and sources
What is reported
Arrested in January-February 2010; his family was not formally notified before the execution, per HRANA.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’/’corruption on earth’ in the case of the killing of Mahabad prayer leader Abdolrahim Tina in 2008 (HRANA, Amnesty).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The Ministry of Intelligence, not the IRGC, is named for the detention of his co-defendant Anwar Khezri (KHRN). No IRGC role is reported for Salimi in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty described the trial of the seven men as lasting only minutes and relying on torture-tainted ‘confessions’. The charges were ‘corruption on earth’ and, per KHRN, also ‘membership in Salafi groups’. Amnesty also said he had pleaded for a fair retrial for a decade. HRW included the case among executions targeting ethnic minorities.
Official Iranian position
Iranian authorities convicted the seven men over the September 2008 killing of Abdolrahim Tina, a congregational prayer leader in Mahabad (RFE/RL, HRANA).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Protest-related
Milad Zohrevand
Charge as reported: Convicted of the murder of Ali Nazari, an IRGC intelligence officer, killed in Malayer during a chase in October-November 2022 (as reported by HRANA, citing an IRGC statement).
Aged about 20 (HRANA) or 21 (BBC). Executed ten days after the Supreme Court confirmed the sentence, without notice to his family, per HRANA. Iran’s judiciary did not immediately confirm the execution (BBC).
Details and sources
Note on the date
Iran Human Rights gives 22 November 2023; BBC and HRANA give 23 November.
What is reported
Executed on 23 November 2023 per BBC Persian sources and HRANA. Iran Human Rights gave 22 November.
Charge as reported
Convicted of the murder of Ali Nazari, an IRGC intelligence officer, killed in Malayer during a chase in October-November 2022 (as reported by HRANA, citing an IRGC statement).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was an IRGC intelligence officer. HRANA reports an IRGC statement identified nine suspects. Hengaw alleged (via BBC) that the Revolutionary Guards pressed the authorities to carry out the execution without the consent of the officer’s family; this is Hengaw’s allegation.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Hamedan Central Prison
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
BBC’s sources said he was denied a lawyer throughout detention and trial. Hengaw condemned the execution. The UN Secretary-General’s report found due-process requirements were not met in earlier protest cases.
Official Iranian position
No confirmation from Iran’s judiciary at the time of the BBC report.
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at HRANA
- Protest-related
Saleh Mirhashemi
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ (enmity against God) in connection with the 16 November 2022 shooting of three security personnel in Isfahan.
Aged 36 (BBC); the three denied the accusations.
Details and sources
What is reported
Arrested after protests in Isfahan on 16 November 2022, when two Basij members and a police officer were shot dead. A Revolutionary Court sentenced them in January 2023; the Supreme Court upheld the sentences in May.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ (enmity against God) in connection with the 16 November 2022 shooting of three security personnel in Isfahan.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Those killed were two Basij members and a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Held at Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty International says sources told it the three men were forcibly disappeared, tortured and forced to make incriminating statements, and that Kazemi was suspended upside down and subjected to mock executions. The Center for Human Rights in Iran (via BBC) said they could not prepare a proper defence and the indictment was ‘riddled with irregularities’. State media re-aired their ‘confessions’ after the executions (Guardian).
Official Iranian position
Iranian authorities said the three were implicated in the deaths of three security personnel (Guardian); Tasnim reported the executions.
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Protest-related
Saeed Yaghoubi
Charge as reported: As for Saleh Mirhashemi.
Aged 37 (BBC). Also spelled Yaqoubi.
Details and sources
What is reported
Arrested after protests in Isfahan on 16 November 2022, when two Basij members and a police officer were shot dead. A Revolutionary Court sentenced them in January 2023; the Supreme Court upheld the sentences in May.
Charge as reported
As for Saleh Mirhashemi.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Those killed were two Basij members and a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Held at Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty International says sources told it the three men were forcibly disappeared, tortured and forced to make incriminating statements, and that Kazemi was suspended upside down and subjected to mock executions. The Center for Human Rights in Iran (via BBC) said they could not prepare a proper defence and the indictment was ‘riddled with irregularities’. State media re-aired their ‘confessions’ after the executions (Guardian).
Official Iranian position
Iranian authorities said the three were implicated in the deaths of three security personnel (Guardian); Tasnim reported the executions.
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Protest-related
Majid Kazemi
Charge as reported: As for Saleh Mirhashemi.
Aged 30 (BBC). In an audio message from Dastgerd prison, published by BBC and Amnesty, he said he was innocent.
Details and sources
What is reported
Arrested after protests in Isfahan on 16 November 2022, when two Basij members and a police officer were shot dead. A Revolutionary Court sentenced them in January 2023; the Supreme Court upheld the sentences in May.
Charge as reported
As for Saleh Mirhashemi.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Those killed were two Basij members and a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Held at Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty International says sources told it the three men were forcibly disappeared, tortured and forced to make incriminating statements, and that Kazemi was suspended upside down and subjected to mock executions. The Center for Human Rights in Iran (via BBC) said they could not prepare a proper defence and the indictment was ‘riddled with irregularities’. State media re-aired their ‘confessions’ after the executions (Guardian).
Official Iranian position
Iranian authorities said the three were implicated in the deaths of three security personnel (Guardian); Tasnim reported the executions.
Last words, where published
“I swear to God I am innocent. I didn’t have any weapons on me. They kept beating me and ordering me to say this weapon is mine.”
From an audio message recorded in Dastgerd prison, as published by the BBC (English translation by the BBC). Source
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Political / ethnic minority
Habib Farajollah Chaab
Charge as reported: ‘Corruption on earth’ (efsad-fil-arz) for leading Harakat al-Nidal / the Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz (ASMLA), accused by Iran of bombings and attacks including a 2018 military parade attack in Ahvaz that killed 25 (Mizan, AP, AJ).
Swedish-Iranian dual national and Ahwazi Arab dissident. Sweden’s foreign minister expressed ‘dismay’ and said the death penalty is an ‘inhuman and irreversible punishment’ (AJ).
Details and sources
What is reported
Iran said in 2020 its security forces arrested him in Turkey and took him to Tehran, without explaining how (AJ). The Supreme Court upheld the sentence in March 2023.
Charge as reported
‘Corruption on earth’ (efsad-fil-arz) for leading Harakat al-Nidal / the Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz (ASMLA), accused by Iran of bombings and attacks including a 2018 military parade attack in Ahvaz that killed 25 (Mizan, AP, AJ).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Iran said ‘its security forces’ arrested him in Turkey; the sources consulted do not name the agency.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (tried in Tehran)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
The sources consulted include the Swedish government’s objection to the death penalty; the circumstances of his 2020 transfer to Iran were not explained by Iran (AJ). Arab minorities complain of discrimination, which Tehran denies (AJ).
Official Iranian position
Mizan described him as ‘the head of Harakat al-Nidal terrorist group’ and reported the execution.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Al Jazeera
- Protest-related
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini
Charge as reported: As for Mohammad Mehdi Karami: killing of Basij member Seyed Ruhollah Ajamian (Mizan).
A volunteer children’s coach, per CNN; hanged on the same day as Karami.
Details and sources
What is reported
See entry for Mohammad Mehdi Karami.
Charge as reported
As for Mohammad Mehdi Karami: killing of Basij member Seyed Ruhollah Ajamian (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was a Basij member. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (offence in Karaj)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
BBC reports both men said on appeal they had been tortured into false confessions. The UN human rights office (OHCHR) said the executions followed ‘unfair trials based on forced confessions’ (quoted by CNN). The UN Secretary-General’s report found fair-trial requirements were not met in earlier protest cases.
Official Iranian position
Mizan called the pair the ‘main perpetrators’ in the killing.
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at BBC News: Two men hanged over killing of militiaman
- Protest-related
Mohammad Mehdi Karami
Charge as reported: Convicted with Seyed Mohammad Hosseini of killing Basij member Seyed Ruhollah Ajamian in Karaj on 3 November 2022 (Mizan).
Karate champion and ‘volunteer children’s coach’ (CNN); aged 21 (CNN) or 22 (BBC). His father publicly pleaded for his life. His lawyer said he began a dry hunger strike days before and was not allowed to speak to his family.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Age given as 21 by CNN and 22 by BBC.
What is reported
Supreme Court upheld the sentence on 3 January 2023 (BBC); three other men were sentenced to death in the same case and 11 received prison terms (BBC).
Charge as reported
Convicted with Seyed Mohammad Hosseini of killing Basij member Seyed Ruhollah Ajamian in Karaj on 3 November 2022 (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was a Basij member. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (offence in Karaj)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
BBC reports both men said on appeal they had been tortured into false confessions. The UN human rights office (OHCHR) said the executions followed ‘unfair trials based on forced confessions’ (quoted by CNN). The UN Secretary-General’s report found fair-trial requirements were not met in earlier protest cases.
Official Iranian position
Mizan called the pair the ‘main perpetrators’ in the killing; Iranian officials describe the protests as ‘riots’ (BBC).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at BBC News: Two men hanged over killing of militiaman
- Protest-related
Mohsen Shekari
Charge as reported: ‘Moharebeh’ (enmity against God) for blocking Sattar Khan Street, Tehran, on 25 September 2022 and wounding a Basij member with a machete (Mizan).
Aged 23. First person executed in connection with the 2022 protests.
Details and sources
What is reported
Mizan said a Revolutionary Court convicted him on 1 November 2022 and the Supreme Court upheld the verdict on 20 November.
Charge as reported
‘Moharebeh’ (enmity against God) for blocking Sattar Khan Street, Tehran, on 25 September 2022 and wounding a Basij member with a machete (Mizan).
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
The alleged victim was a member of the Basij, a paramilitary force that is part of the IRGC structure. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (offence in Tehran)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty International called the trial a ‘grossly unfair sham trial’ that ‘bore no resemblance to a meaningful trial’. Iran Human Rights said he was denied access to his lawyer and that Fars aired ‘forced confessions’ hours after the execution.
Official Iranian position
Iranian officials describe the protests as ‘riots’ and have accused foreign powers of fuelling the unrest (BBC).
Sources
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
- Other
Ruhollah Zam
Charge as reported: ‘Corruption on earth’ in connection with his AmadNews channel on Telegram, which authorities blamed for spreading information about the 2017-18 protests.
Journalist and dissident who had been granted asylum in France. Amnesty says the Supreme Court’s confirmation was announced on 8 December and the execution followed four days later.
Details and sources
Note on the date
Spelled Roohollah/Rouhollah/Ruhollah Zam in different sources.
What is reported
Sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court in June 2020 (Amnesty). His trial ran from 9 February to 9 June 2020; state reports said he pleaded not guilty (CPJ).
Charge as reported
‘Corruption on earth’ in connection with his AmadNews channel on Telegram, which authorities blamed for spreading information about the 2017-18 protests.
Role of the IRGC / security forces (as reported)
Amnesty says he was ‘abducted’ during a visit to Iraq in October 2019 by Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, apparently with Iraqi intelligence help. CPJ cites ISNA and Young Journalists’ Club as reporting that IRGC intelligence agents arrested him in Baghdad on 14 October 2019.
Place of execution / prison, as reported
Not specified (tried in Tehran)
Trial concerns raised by named monitors (alleged by them)
Amnesty calls the trial ‘grossly unfair’ and says he was held without family or lawyer contact for nine months, per his father’s letter. It says his execution was prohibited under international law because he was targeted for his journalism.
Official Iranian position
Judiciary spokesman Gholam Hossein Esmaili announced the sentence on 30 June 2020 and the Supreme Court’s rejection of the appeal on 8 December (CPJ).
No openly licensed photograph is used. Photo: view at Amnesty International
| Date | Name | Category | Province · prison | Charge as reported | Sex |
|---|
Yearly statistics (minimum counts, attributed)
How many people were executed in Iran each year, according to three monitors. The figures differ because each monitor verifies cases differently, and all are “at least” counts.
| Year | IHRNGO (at least) | Amnesty (at least) | HRANA | Named on this page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 333 · source | 314 · source | not used | 0 |
| 2022 | 582 · source | 576 · source | not used | 2 |
| 2023 | 834 · source | 853 · source | not used | 7 |
| 2024 | 975 · source | 972 · source | not used | 6 |
| 2025 | 1,639 · source | 2,159 · source | 2,063 · source | 11 |
- All annual figures are minimum counts compiled by the named monitor from its own verification; they are not official Iranian statistics and are not directly comparable.
- IHRNGO says that in 2025 only 113 executions (under 7%) were announced by official sources; the remainder were confirmed by IHRNGO.
- Amnesty International reports Iran accounted for at least 2,159 of 2,707 executions it recorded worldwide in 2025.
- HRANA’s 2025 total (2,063) is based on 1,743 verified reports, per HRANA.
Executions on security-related charges (baghy, efsad-fil-arz, moharebeh) and for alleged espionage for Israel, per IHRNGO. Source: IHRNGO 2025 annual report.
| Year | Security-related charges | Alleged espionage for Israel |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 16 | 4 |
| 2023 | 39 | 6 |
| 2024 | 31 | 5 |
| 2025 | 57 | 13 |
HRANA monthly reports, 2026 (documented executions; January, February and April reports were not retrieved).
| Month (2026) | Executions documented by HRANA |
|---|---|
| March | 8 · HRANA report |
| May | 55 · HRANA report |
| June | 113 · HRANA report |
| July | 66 · HRANA report |
| August | 78 · HRANA report |
| September | 59 · HRANA report |
Context (attributed): Iran Human Rights says 2025 was the highest year recorded since 1989 and that only 113 executions were announced by official sources. Iranian authorities say executions follow court verdicts and legal process; the judiciary’s Mizan agency announces a minority of them. The totals above are the monitors’ minimum counts, not official figures, and the people named on this page are a small, sourced selection.
Definitions and method
- Execution
- In Iran, a death sentence carried out by the state, normally by hanging, under the authority of the judiciary and prison authorities. Executions are ordered after a court verdict and a Supreme Court review. Some are carried out in public.
- Revolutionary Court
- A branch of the judiciary that hears national-security, drug-trafficking and certain other cases. Rights groups such as Amnesty International say these courts operate under the influence of security and intelligence bodies; Iranian officials say they apply the law and due process.
- IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps)
- A military, political and economic institution of the Islamic Republic. Its documented roles in the cases listed here, as reported by named sources, include arrests, detention and interrogation by its Intelligence Organisation, supplying case files to the courts, and lethal force during protests. The IRGC does not carry out hangings; prison and judiciary authorities do. This page never says the IRGC ‘executed’ a person unless a named source says so.
- Basij
- A volunteer paramilitary force linked to the IRGC structure, often deployed during protests. Several executed protesters were convicted of killing Basij members; those are accusations by the courts.
- Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS)
- A civilian intelligence agency, separate from the IRGC Intelligence Organisation. Some arrests of alleged spies are attributed to it.
- Moharebeh
- ‘Enmity against God’ (often rendered ‘waging war against God’): a capital offence for taking up arms against the state or people. UN bodies and rights groups say it is vaguely defined.
- Efsad-fil-arz
- ‘Corruption on earth’: a capital offence used in political, security and espionage cases.
- Baghy
- ‘Armed rebellion’ through membership of, or activity for, an armed opposition group.
- Qisas
- Retribution-in-kind for murder, under which the victim’s family can demand the sentence or forgive the convicted person.
- Category: protest-related
- Executed after arrest in connection with nationwide protests (2018, 2022-23, December 2025 to January 2026), for charges such as killing a security-force member or arson. Charges are the courts’ accusations.
- Category: political / ethnic minority
- Executed political prisoners, members of banned opposition or armed groups, Kurdish, Baluch and Ahwazi Arab prisoners, and dissidents. Whether a group is regarded as an armed or terrorist organisation differs between Iranian authorities and rights groups.
- Category: alleged espionage
- Executed on charges of spying for Israel or the United States. The charges and evidence are those announced by the judiciary and state media; rights groups raise fair-trial and forced-confession concerns.
- Category: other
- Cases that do not fit above, such as a journalist executed for his reporting.
- ‘Alleged by’
- Used where a claim, such as torture or a forced confession, is made by a named monitor, lawyer or family member and has not been independently established. Equally, official accounts are attributed to Mizan, state media or named officials.
Method
- Inclusion: a named person is listed only if at least two independent sources, or one authoritative human-rights source (UN, Amnesty International, HRANA, Iran Human Rights) together with an Iranian judiciary or state media report, confirm the execution and its date. Cases with a single source are not listed.
- Charges are reported as charges. Rights groups’ findings are reported as theirs. Nothing on this page states guilt or innocence as fact.
- Role of the IRGC and security forces: each entry states only what a named source reports. Where none does, the entry says so.
- Dates follow the sources; where sources differ the entry says so.
- Photographs appear only where an open licence or public-domain status is documented. Otherwise a neutral silhouette is shown with a link to the monitor’s page.
- This is a selection, not a complete list of the thousands of people executed in Iran. Most executions in Iran are not announced, and most people executed are not named here. Annual totals are minimum counts from the named monitors.
Checked and not listed. Some names raised in public discussion are not listed because we could not confirm them to this standard. Kaveh Veysi: we found no reporting of an execution. Mohammad Boroughani: Amnesty listed him as sentenced to death in December 2022, and we could not confirm a later status. Several 2023-2026 executions reported by only one monitor, and executions of foreign nationals reported long after the fact, are also held back until a second source is found. Ahmadreza Djalali, Pakhshan Azizi and others remain under sentence and appear in the “sentenced, not executed” section.
Sentenced, not executed
People reported by named monitors to be under a death sentence or at risk of imminent execution. They have not been executed according to the sources cited, and this list is not complete. Each entry names who reported it and the date of the report.
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Mahboubeh Shabani
Status as reported (as of September 29, 2026): Sentenced to death; moved to solitary confinement on 28 Sep 2026 (IHRNGO)
Sentenced by Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court on a charge of ‘operational action to strengthen Israel, the United States and agents affiliated with Reza Pahlavi’ under the new espionage law, per IHRNGO. IHRNGO says she was arrested on 2 February 2026 and had helped transport injured protesters. HRANA also reported the sentence.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Mashhad (Vakilabad) Central Prison · Sources: IHRNGO (29 Sep 2026) · HRANA (28 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Political / ethnic minority
Ali Zarei (Douzdarehsi)
Status as reported (as of September 21, 2026): Sentenced to death; sentence reported upheld; moved to solitary confinement on 21 Sep 2026 (HRANA)
Previously living in Germany, arrested by Ministry of Intelligence agents on 28 April 2026 after entering Iran. Branch 23 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced him on a charge of ‘corruption on earth’ through political activities and propaganda against the regime.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: HRANA reports he was arrested by Ministry of Intelligence agents, not the IRGC.
Held at: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj · Sources: HRANA (21 Sep 2026) · IHRNGO
- Sentenced, not executed Political / ethnic minority
Pakhshan Azizi
Status as reported (as of September 15, 2026): Sentenced to death; Supreme Court upheld the sentence in January 2025; retrial requests denied (HRANA)
Arrested in Tehran on 4 August 2023; in August 2024 Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) sentenced her to death and four years in prison for ‘baghy’ through membership in groups opposed to the state.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Evin Prison, Tehran · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Political / ethnic minority
Arghavan Fallahi
Status as reported (as of September 15, 2026): Sentenced to death; Supreme Court upheld the sentence in August 2026 (HRANA)
Arrested in Tehran in February 2025; Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) sentenced her for ‘baghy’ through membership in opposition groups and armed action.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Evin Prison, Tehran · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026) · IHRNGO
- Sentenced, not executed Political / ethnic minority
Zahra Shahbaz Tabari
Status as reported (as of September 15, 2026): Sentenced to death again on 14 Apr 2026 after the Supreme Court overturned the first sentence (HRANA)
Aged 68, arrested at home in Rasht in April 2025; sentenced on a charge of ‘baghy’ through membership and activity in an opposition group.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Lakan Prison, Rasht · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Maryam Hodavand (Hedavand)
Status as reported (as of September 15, 2026): Sentenced to death; the sentence is at the trial-court stage (HRANA)
Aged 45, a mother of two, arrested after events of 8 January 2026 in Pakdasht; Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced her on charges including ‘participation in the killing of two Basij members’.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Evin Prison, Tehran · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Leila Abolhasani
Status as reported (as of September 15, 2026): Sentenced to death; case referred to the Supreme Court for appellate review (HRANA)
Aged about 43, a mother of two, arrested on 8 January 2026 in Shahin Shahr. A source close to her family told HRANA the charge stems from her presence at and filming of a store fire; judicial authorities accuse her of involvement in setting it.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Dowlatabad Prison, Isfahan · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Alleged espionage
Souda (Marzieh) Ebrahimi Shamsabadi
Status as reported (as of September 15, 2026): Sentenced to death at the first-instance stage (HRANA)
Aged 32, arrested on 29 March 2026 by Ministry of Intelligence agents; the Bandar Abbas Revolutionary Court sentenced her for ‘corruption on earth’, including ‘photographing a military site and sending the images to Persian-language media outlets abroad’.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: HRANA reports arrest by Ministry of Intelligence agents.
Held at: Bandar Abbas Prison · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Alireza Sepahi Badjani
Status as reported (as of September 12, 2026): Sentenced to death; reported at imminent risk (IHRNGO, 12 Sep 2026)
Sentenced in the ‘Alikhani Square’ case over the killing of four police officers in Isfahan on 8 January 2026. HRANA reported that he suffered a stroke on the day he was scheduled to be executed alongside Abolfazl Sepahi and Amirhossein Safari (28 July) and was returned to prison; IHRNGO reports he was moved to solitary confinement on 12 September. Co-defendants in the case have been executed since 19 July.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Isfahan (Dastgerd) Central Prison · Sources: IHRNGO (12 Sep 2026) · HRANA (31 Jul 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Taraneh Rahimi (Isfahan ‘Shohada Square’ case)
Status as reported (as of September 10, 2026): Sentenced to death with nine co-defendants; sentences at the trial-court stage (HRANA, HRW)
Sixteen people were tried by Branch 1 of the Isfahan Revolutionary Court; ten (one woman, nine men) were sentenced to death. HRW says defendants were accused of involvement in the death of an IRGC member and an unhoused person on 8 January, that none was charged with murder, and that a lawyer filed a complaint with allegations of torture, including sexual assault of the Rahimi sisters (reported by Dadban).
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: HRW reports the alleged victim was an IRGC member and that a complaint was lodged against the IRGC Intelligence Organisation over torture allegations (reported by Dadban); these are allegations.
Held at: Dowlatabad Prison, Isfahan · Sources: HRANA (15 Sep 2026) · Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Benyamin Naghdi
Status as reported (as of July 30, 2026): Sentenced to death; Supreme Court upheld the sentence (IHRNGO, 30 Jul 2026)
Aged 26, an MMA fighter and kickboxer arrested at a protest in Shiraz on 3 January 2026. Sentenced by Branch 1 of the Shiraz Revolutionary Court in May on a charge of ‘moharebeh’. He is accused of using a fire extinguisher as a makeshift flamethrower against passing security forces; his lawyer says no one was injured and is seeking a retrial. State media aired his confession on 4 January.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Shiraz · Sources: IHRNGO (30 Jul 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Alleged espionage
Ahmadreza Djalali
Status as reported (as of March 5, 2026): Under death sentence; not reported executed; family contact reported in early 2026
Swedish-Iranian academic sentenced to death in 2017 for alleged espionage against Iran, according to Swedish media (TT/Sweden Herald); Amnesty says the trial was grossly unfair and the UN says his detention is arbitrary. Amnesty says he has been forcibly disappeared since 24 June 2025 and is at grave risk of secret execution. In March 2026 Sweden’s foreign minister said he was still held in Evin Prison, after his wife had a short phone call with him.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: Not reported in the sources consulted.
Held at: Evin Prison, Tehran (reported) · Sources: Amnesty International (Urgent Action) · Sweden Herald (5 Mar 2026)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Kaveh Arabian
Status as reported (as of January 8, 2026): Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court (IHRNGO)
Aged 35, arrested 12 January 2026; accused of setting fire to public property with intent to disrupt national security. IHRNGO says he was held for 68 days in the custody of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation under pressure to confess.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: IHRNGO reports he was held in IRGC Intelligence Organisation custody for 68 days.
Held at: Yazd Central Prison · Sources: IHRNGO (Yazd trio)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Ali Daneshparvar
Status as reported (as of January 8, 2026): Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court (IHRNGO)
Aged 33, arrested 9 January 2026; accused of the murder of a member of the security forces. IHRNGO says he was held for three months by the IRGC Intelligence Organisation.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: IHRNGO reports three months in IRGC Intelligence Organisation custody.
Held at: Yazd Central Prison · Sources: IHRNGO (Yazd trio)
- Sentenced, not executed Protest-related
Esmail Ramezanpour
Status as reported (as of January 8, 2026): Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court (IHRNGO)
Arrested in connection with the January 2026 protests in Yazd and sentenced on a charge of ‘moharebeh’ together with Kaveh Arabian and Ali Daneshparvar.
IRGC / security-forces role, as reported: See entries for Kaveh Arabian and Ali Daneshparvar.
Held at: Yazd Central Prison · Sources: IHRNGO (Yazd trio)
Status changes: no longer reported under a death sentence
- Sharifeh Mohammadi. Labour activist. HRANA reported on 30 October 2025, citing her lawyer Amir Raisian, that the head of the judiciary approved commuting her death sentence to 30 years in prison. Her lawyer is seeking a retrial. Not executed. HRANA (30 Oct 2025)
- Varisheh Moradi. Kurdish political prisoner. HRANA reported on 10 December 2025 that her death sentence was overturned; in September 2026 HRANA says the case remains unresolved pending retrial. Not executed. HRANA (10 Dec 2025) · HRANA (15 Sep 2026)
- Mahnaz Chardoli and Mehdi Nazer. HRANA reported on 22 September 2026 that the Supreme Court overturned their death sentences in a January-2026 protest case. Not executed. HRANA (22 Sep 2026)
Where to read more
- Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO): Oslo-based monitor; annual death-penalty reports and daily news.
- HRANA (Human Rights Activists News Agency): Documents arrests, sentences and executions; monthly reports.
- Amnesty International: Iran: Annual global death-penalty report and urgent actions.
- Hengaw Organization for Human Rights: Focuses on Kurdish regions of Iran.
- Human Rights Watch: Iran: Reports on protest-related executions.
- UN Special Rapporteur on Iran: Reports to the UN Human Rights Council and General Assembly.
- Mizan News Agency (Iranian judiciary): Official judiciary account of verdicts and executions.
These organisations publish the underlying reports, urgent actions and daily news. Peter’s World does not solicit donations on this page.
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- We correct factual errors promptly and note the change in the log below.
- Where sources disagree (for example on a date or age), the entry says so rather than choosing silently.
- New executions, sentences and status changes are added as named monitors report them. A person is moved off the “sentenced, not executed” list only when a named source reports the change.
- Official Iranian statements are quoted and attributed; where Iranian authorities dispute a monitor’s account, the entry includes their position.
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Change log. October 3, 2026: page updated with 86 named people, 15 sentenced-not-executed entries and yearly statistics.
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