{ "title": "Iran Executions Tracker and Memorial: Remembering Those Executed", "url": "https://petersworld.org/iran-executions-tracker/", "updated": "2026-10-03", "contact": "contact@petersworld.org", "note": "Minimum counts and attributed reports; charges are charges, not findings of fact. See page for method.", "people": [ { "id": "navid-afkari", "n": "Navid Afkari", "d": "2020-09-12", "y": 2020, "a": 27, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Fars", "pl": "Shiraz", "ch": "Murder of a security guard during the 2018 protests in Shiraz; separate charges (including 'enmity against God') were also brought, per HRW.", "nt": "Aged 27, a national wrestling champion. A union of 85,000 athletes (World Players Association), the IOC and then US President Donald Trump appealed for mercy (BBC). His brother Vahid received a 25-year sentence.", "rp": "He was arrested in September 2018; the Supreme Court upheld the death sentence (HRW). His lawyer said he was prevented from seeing his family before the execution (BBC).", "ir": "The alleged victim was a security guard. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty says he was subjected to enforced disappearance, torture and forced 'confessions' and that judges failed to investigate his torture complaints. HRW says authorities disregard torture allegations in systematic fashion. The authorities have denied accusations of torture (BBC).", "of": "Iranian authorities have denied torture allegations (BBC); state media reported the conviction.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran executes young wrestler despite global outcry", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-54129949" ], [ "Amnesty International (12 Sep 2020)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2020/09/iran-secret-execution-of-wrestler-navid-afkari-a-travesty-of-justice/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (12 Sep 2020)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/12/iran-suddenly-executes-wrestler-navid-afkari" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2020/09/iran-secret-execution-of-wrestler-navid-afkari-a-travesty-of-justice/" ], "ln": { "t": "If I am executed, I want you to know that an innocent person, even though he tried and fought with all his strength to be heard, was executed.", "s": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2020/09/iran-secret-execution-of-wrestler-navid-afkari-a-travesty-of-justice/", "n": "From a voice recording made inside prison and released by Amnesty International; English as published by Amnesty and the BBC." } }, { "id": "ruhollah-zam", "n": "Ruhollah Zam", "d": "2020-12-12", "y": 2020, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "other", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Not specified (tried in Tehran)", "ch": "'Corruption on earth' in connection with his AmadNews channel on Telegram, which authorities blamed for spreading information about the 2017-18 protests.", "nt": "Journalist and dissident who had been granted asylum in France. Amnesty says the Supreme Court's confirmation was announced on 8 December and the execution followed four days later.", "rp": "Sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court in June 2020 (Amnesty). His trial ran from 9 February to 9 June 2020; state reports said he pleaded not guilty (CPJ).", "ir": "Amnesty says he was 'abducted' during a visit to Iraq in October 2019 by Iran's Revolutionary Guards, apparently with Iraqi intelligence help. CPJ cites ISNA and Young Journalists' Club as reporting that IRGC intelligence agents arrested him in Baghdad on 14 October 2019.", "cn": "Amnesty calls the trial 'grossly unfair' and says he was held without family or lawyer contact for nine months, per his father's letter. It says his execution was prohibited under international law because he was targeted for his journalism.", "of": "Judiciary spokesman Gholam Hossein Esmaili announced the sentence on 30 June 2020 and the Supreme Court's rejection of the appeal on 8 December (CPJ).", "sr": [ [ "Amnesty International (12 Dec 2020)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2020/12/iran-execution-of-journalist-rouhollah-zam-a-deadly-blow-to-freedom-of-expression/" ], [ "Committee to Protect Journalists (12 Dec 2020)", "https://cpj.org/2020/12/cpj-condemns-irans-execution-of-journalist-roohollah-zam/" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2020/12/iran-execution-of-journalist-rouhollah-zam-a-deadly-blow-to-freedom-of-expression/" ], "dn": "Spelled Roohollah/Rouhollah/Ruhollah Zam in different sources." }, { "id": "mohsen-shekari", "n": "Mohsen Shekari", "d": "2022-12-08", "y": 2022, "a": 23, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Not specified (offence in Tehran)", "ch": "'Moharebeh' (enmity against God) for blocking Sattar Khan Street, Tehran, on 25 September 2022 and wounding a Basij member with a machete (Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 23. First person executed in connection with the 2022 protests.", "rp": "Mizan said a Revolutionary Court convicted him on 1 November 2022 and the Supreme Court upheld the verdict on 20 November.", "ir": "The alleged victim was a member of the Basij, a paramilitary force that is part of the IRGC structure. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty International called the trial a 'grossly unfair sham trial' that 'bore no resemblance to a meaningful trial'. Iran Human Rights said he was denied access to his lawyer and that Fars aired 'forced confessions' hours after the execution.", "of": "Iranian officials describe the protests as 'riots' and have accused foreign powers of fuelling the unrest (BBC).", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran carries out first execution over protests", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63900099" ], [ "Amnesty International (8 Dec 2022)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/12/iran-horrifying-execution-of-young-protester-exposes-authorities-cruelty-and-risk-of-further-bloodshed/" ], [ "Al Jazeera (8 Dec 2022)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/8/iran-conducts-first-protest-related-execution" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/12/iran-horrifying-execution-of-young-protester-exposes-authorities-cruelty-and-risk-of-further-bloodshed/" ] }, { "id": "majidreza-rahnavard", "n": "Majidreza Rahnavard", "d": "2022-12-12", "y": 2022, "a": 23, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Razavi Khorasan", "pl": "Mashhad (public hanging)", "ch": "'Moharebeh' for allegedly stabbing to death two Basij members in Mashhad on 17 November 2022 (Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 23; executed 23 days after his arrest, in public, per BBC. Mizan said he was hanged 'in the presence of a group of Mashhadi citizens'.", "rp": "BBC reports his family were told after the execution; Amnesty says his single court session took place on 29 November.", "ir": "The two alleged victims were members of the Basij. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "BBC reports he was denied a lawyer of his choice and that the lawyer he was given did not put up a defence. Amnesty says state media broadcast his 'confessions' with his arm in a cast, 'raising serious concerns that he was subjected to torture'.", "of": "Mizan reported the conviction and the public hanging.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran carries out second execution over protests", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63939428" ], [ "Amnesty International (12 Dec 2022)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/12/iran-public-execution-of-majidreza-rahnavard-exposes-authorities-revenge-killings/" ], [ "The Guardian (12 Dec 2022)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/12/iran-carries-out-second-execution-linked-to-nationwide-protests" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/12/iran-public-execution-of-majidreza-rahnavard-exposes-authorities-revenge-killings/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-mehdi-karami", "n": "Mohammad Mehdi Karami", "d": "2023-01-07", "y": 2023, "a": 21, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Not specified (offence in Karaj)", "ch": "Convicted with Seyed Mohammad Hosseini of killing Basij member Seyed Ruhollah Ajamian in Karaj on 3 November 2022 (Mizan).", "nt": "Karate champion and 'volunteer children's coach' (CNN); aged 21 (CNN) or 22 (BBC). His father publicly pleaded for his life. His lawyer said he began a dry hunger strike days before and was not allowed to speak to his family.", "rp": "Supreme Court upheld the sentence on 3 January 2023 (BBC); three other men were sentenced to death in the same case and 11 received prison terms (BBC).", "ir": "The alleged victim was a Basij member. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "BBC reports both men said on appeal they had been tortured into false confessions. The UN human rights office (OHCHR) said the executions followed 'unfair trials based on forced confessions' (quoted by CNN). The UN Secretary-General's report found fair-trial requirements were not met in earlier protest cases.", "of": "Mizan called the pair the 'main perpetrators' in the killing; Iranian officials describe the protests as 'riots' (BBC).", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Two men hanged over killing of militiaman", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64196635" ], [ "CNN (7 Jan 2023)", "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/07/middleeast/iran-protesters-executed-intl-hnk" ] ], "pk": [ "BBC News: Two men hanged over killing of militiaman", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64196635" ], "dn": "Age given as 21 by CNN and 22 by BBC." }, { "id": "seyed-mohammad-hosseini", "n": "Seyed Mohammad Hosseini", "d": "2023-01-07", "y": 2023, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Not specified (offence in Karaj)", "ch": "As for Mohammad Mehdi Karami: killing of Basij member Seyed Ruhollah Ajamian (Mizan).", "nt": "A volunteer children's coach, per CNN; hanged on the same day as Karami.", "rp": "See entry for Mohammad Mehdi Karami.", "ir": "The alleged victim was a Basij member. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "BBC reports both men said on appeal they had been tortured into false confessions. The UN human rights office (OHCHR) said the executions followed 'unfair trials based on forced confessions' (quoted by CNN). The UN Secretary-General's report found fair-trial requirements were not met in earlier protest cases.", "of": "Mizan called the pair the 'main perpetrators' in the killing.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Two men hanged over killing of militiaman", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64196635" ], [ "CNN (7 Jan 2023)", "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/07/middleeast/iran-protesters-executed-intl-hnk" ] ], "pk": [ "BBC News: Two men hanged over killing of militiaman", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64196635" ] }, { "id": "habib-chaab", "n": "Habib Farajollah Chaab", "d": "2023-05-06", "y": 2023, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Not specified (tried in Tehran)", "ch": "'Corruption on earth' (efsad-fil-arz) for leading Harakat al-Nidal / the Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz (ASMLA), accused by Iran of bombings and attacks including a 2018 military parade attack in Ahvaz that killed 25 (Mizan, AP, AJ).", "nt": "Swedish-Iranian dual national and Ahwazi Arab dissident. Sweden's foreign minister expressed 'dismay' and said the death penalty is an 'inhuman and irreversible punishment' (AJ).", "rp": "Iran said in 2020 its security forces arrested him in Turkey and took him to Tehran, without explaining how (AJ). The Supreme Court upheld the sentence in March 2023.", "ir": "Iran said 'its security forces' arrested him in Turkey; the sources consulted do not name the agency.", "cn": "The sources consulted include the Swedish government's objection to the death penalty; the circumstances of his 2020 transfer to Iran were not explained by Iran (AJ). Arab minorities complain of discrimination, which Tehran denies (AJ).", "of": "Mizan described him as 'the head of Harakat al-Nidal terrorist group' and reported the execution.", "sr": [ [ "Al Jazeera (6 May 2023)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/iran-executes-swedish-iranian-dual-national-state-media" ], [ "Associated Press (6 May 2023)", "https://apnews.com/article/iran-execution-deadly-attack-parade-acd9dd6ceecf28ad48e6d52e722185a4" ] ], "pk": [ "Al Jazeera", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/iran-executes-swedish-iranian-dual-national-state-media" ] }, { "id": "majid-kazemi", "n": "Majid Kazemi", "d": "2023-05-19", "y": 2023, "a": 30, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Held at Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan", "ch": "As for Saleh Mirhashemi.", "nt": "Aged 30 (BBC). In an audio message from Dastgerd prison, published by BBC and Amnesty, he said he was innocent.", "rp": "Arrested after protests in Isfahan on 16 November 2022, when two Basij members and a police officer were shot dead. A Revolutionary Court sentenced them in January 2023; the Supreme Court upheld the sentences in May.", "ir": "Those killed were two Basij members and a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty International says sources told it the three men were forcibly disappeared, tortured and forced to make incriminating statements, and that Kazemi was suspended upside down and subjected to mock executions. The Center for Human Rights in Iran (via BBC) said they could not prepare a proper defence and the indictment was 'riddled with irregularities'. State media re-aired their 'confessions' after the executions (Guardian).", "of": "Iranian authorities said the three were implicated in the deaths of three security personnel (Guardian); Tasnim reported the executions.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran executes three over anti-government protests", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65640263" ], [ "Amnesty International (19 May 2023)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/iran-executions-of-tortured-protesters-must-trigger-a-robust-reaction-from-the-international-community/" ], [ "The Guardian (19 May 2023)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/19/iran-executes-three-men-accused-of-killing-members-of-security-forces" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/iran-executions-of-tortured-protesters-must-trigger-a-robust-reaction-from-the-international-community/" ], "ln": { "t": "I swear to God I am innocent. I didn't have any weapons on me. They kept beating me and ordering me to say this weapon is mine.", "s": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65640263", "n": "From an audio message recorded in Dastgerd prison, as published by the BBC (English translation by the BBC)." } }, { "id": "saeed-yaghoubi", "n": "Saeed Yaghoubi", "d": "2023-05-19", "y": 2023, "a": 37, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Held at Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan", "ch": "As for Saleh Mirhashemi.", "nt": "Aged 37 (BBC). Also spelled Yaqoubi.", "rp": "Arrested after protests in Isfahan on 16 November 2022, when two Basij members and a police officer were shot dead. A Revolutionary Court sentenced them in January 2023; the Supreme Court upheld the sentences in May.", "ir": "Those killed were two Basij members and a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty International says sources told it the three men were forcibly disappeared, tortured and forced to make incriminating statements, and that Kazemi was suspended upside down and subjected to mock executions. The Center for Human Rights in Iran (via BBC) said they could not prepare a proper defence and the indictment was 'riddled with irregularities'. State media re-aired their 'confessions' after the executions (Guardian).", "of": "Iranian authorities said the three were implicated in the deaths of three security personnel (Guardian); Tasnim reported the executions.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran executes three over anti-government protests", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65640263" ], [ "Amnesty International (19 May 2023)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/iran-executions-of-tortured-protesters-must-trigger-a-robust-reaction-from-the-international-community/" ], [ "The Guardian (19 May 2023)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/19/iran-executes-three-men-accused-of-killing-members-of-security-forces" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/iran-executions-of-tortured-protesters-must-trigger-a-robust-reaction-from-the-international-community/" ] }, { "id": "saleh-mirhashemi", "n": "Saleh Mirhashemi", "d": "2023-05-19", "y": 2023, "a": 36, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Held at Dastgerd Prison, Isfahan", "ch": "'Moharebeh' (enmity against God) in connection with the 16 November 2022 shooting of three security personnel in Isfahan.", "nt": "Aged 36 (BBC); the three denied the accusations.", "rp": "Arrested after protests in Isfahan on 16 November 2022, when two Basij members and a police officer were shot dead. A Revolutionary Court sentenced them in January 2023; the Supreme Court upheld the sentences in May.", "ir": "Those killed were two Basij members and a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty International says sources told it the three men were forcibly disappeared, tortured and forced to make incriminating statements, and that Kazemi was suspended upside down and subjected to mock executions. The Center for Human Rights in Iran (via BBC) said they could not prepare a proper defence and the indictment was 'riddled with irregularities'. State media re-aired their 'confessions' after the executions (Guardian).", "of": "Iranian authorities said the three were implicated in the deaths of three security personnel (Guardian); Tasnim reported the executions.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran executes three over anti-government protests", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-65640263" ], [ "Amnesty International (19 May 2023)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/iran-executions-of-tortured-protesters-must-trigger-a-robust-reaction-from-the-international-community/" ], [ "The Guardian (19 May 2023)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/19/iran-executes-three-men-accused-of-killing-members-of-security-forces" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/iran-executions-of-tortured-protesters-must-trigger-a-robust-reaction-from-the-international-community/" ] }, { "id": "milad-zohrevand", "n": "Milad Zohrevand", "d": "2023-11-23", "y": 2023, "a": 21, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Hamedan", "pl": "Hamedan Central Prison", "ch": "Convicted of the murder of Ali Nazari, an IRGC intelligence officer, killed in Malayer during a chase in October-November 2022 (as reported by HRANA, citing an IRGC statement).", "nt": "Aged about 20 (HRANA) or 21 (BBC). Executed ten days after the Supreme Court confirmed the sentence, without notice to his family, per HRANA. Iran's judiciary did not immediately confirm the execution (BBC).", "rp": "Executed on 23 November 2023 per BBC Persian sources and HRANA. Iran Human Rights gave 22 November.", "ir": "The alleged victim was an IRGC intelligence officer. HRANA reports an IRGC statement identified nine suspects. Hengaw alleged (via BBC) that the Revolutionary Guards pressed the authorities to carry out the execution without the consent of the officer's family; this is Hengaw's allegation.", "cn": "BBC's sources said he was denied a lawyer throughout detention and trial. Hengaw condemned the execution. The UN Secretary-General's report found due-process requirements were not met in earlier protest cases.", "of": "No confirmation from Iran's judiciary at the time of the BBC report.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran secretly executes man over 2022 anti-government protests - sources", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67512588" ], [ "HRANA (23 Nov 2023)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/milad-zohrehvand-executed-in-hamedan-prison-ten-days-after-supreme-court-confirmation/" ] ], "pk": [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/milad-zohrehvand-executed-in-hamedan-prison-ten-days-after-supreme-court-confirmation/" ], "dn": "Iran Human Rights gives 22 November 2023; BBC and HRANA give 23 November." }, { "id": "farhad-salimi", "n": "Farhad Salimi", "d": "2024-01-23", "y": 2024, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Moharebeh'/'corruption on earth' in the case of the killing of Mahabad prayer leader Abdolrahim Tina in 2008 (HRANA, Amnesty).", "nt": "A Kurdish Sunni man held for about 14 years; the fourth of seven co-defendants executed since November 2023 (Amnesty).", "rp": "Arrested in January-February 2010; his family was not formally notified before the execution, per HRANA.", "ir": "The Ministry of Intelligence, not the IRGC, is named for the detention of his co-defendant Anwar Khezri (KHRN). No IRGC role is reported for Salimi in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty described the trial of the seven men as lasting only minutes and relying on torture-tainted 'confessions'. The charges were 'corruption on earth' and, per KHRN, also 'membership in Salafi groups'. Amnesty also said he had pleaded for a fair retrial for a decade. HRW included the case among executions targeting ethnic minorities.", "of": "Iranian authorities convicted the seven men over the September 2008 killing of Abdolrahim Tina, a congregational prayer leader in Mahabad (RFE/RL, HRANA).", "sr": [ [ "Amnesty International (24 Jan 2024)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/01/iran-executions-of-protester-with-mental-disability-and-kurdish-man-mark-plunge-into-new-realms-of-cruelty/" ], [ "HRANA (23 Jan 2024)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/sunni-prisoner-farhad-salimi-executed-in-ghezel-hesar-karaj/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (23 Jan 2024)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/01/23/iran-2-detainees-executed-11-await-imminent-execution" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/01/iran-executions-of-protester-with-mental-disability-and-kurdish-man-mark-plunge-into-new-realms-of-cruelty/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-ghobadlou", "n": "Mohammad Ghobadlou", "d": "2024-01-23", "y": 2024, "a": 23, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Corruption on earth' and intentional murder, for allegedly running over a police officer (Farid Karampour Hassanvand) with his car during a protest in Robat Karim, Tehran Province, in September 2022 (Mizan, Amnesty).", "nt": "Aged 23. His mother said he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder as a teenager and had stopped medication before the protests (BBC).", "rp": "Amnesty says the Supreme Court quashed the sentence and ordered a retrial in July 2023, but the retrial never took place after the Head of the Judiciary intervened; Mizan said the Supreme Court had twice rejected such appeals and that it was executed after '487 days of judicial review'.", "ir": "The alleged victim was a police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Rights groups said he faced an unfair trial marred by torture allegations (BBC). His lawyer, Amir Raesian, said the execution would be illegal and amount to 'murder' (BBC); Mizan said his claim was untrue.", "of": "Mizan said the sentence was carried out after the Supreme Court upheld it.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran executes protester with mental health condition", "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68068233" ], [ "CNN (23 Jan 2024)", "https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/23/middleeast/iran-executes-protester-mental-health-intl-hnk" ], [ "Amnesty International (24 Jan 2024)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/01/iran-executions-of-protester-with-mental-disability-and-kurdish-man-mark-plunge-into-new-realms-of-cruelty/" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/01/iran-executions-of-protester-with-mental-disability-and-kurdish-man-mark-plunge-into-new-realms-of-cruelty/" ] }, { "id": "anwar-khezri", "n": "Anwar (Anvar) Khezri", "d": "2024-05-01", "y": 2024, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Spreading corruption on earth', 'acting against national security', 'propaganda against the state' and 'membership in Salafi groups' (per KHRN).", "nt": "A Kurdish Sunni prisoner of conscience (per KHRN), held for 14 years. Arrested on 21 January 2010 after being summoned to the prosecutor's office in Mahabad.", "rp": "Tried in 2016 by Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Moghiseh); informed of the death sentence on 25 May 2016. KHRN says he was moved to solitary confinement on 30 April and denied a final family visit.", "ir": "KHRN says he was taken to the Ministry of Intelligence detention centre in Urmia, not to an IRGC facility.", "cn": "In a 2019 letter quoted by KHRN he described severe torture at the Ministry of Intelligence detention centre in Urmia. Amnesty said the group of seven was sentenced after a trial lasting minutes that relied on torture-tainted 'confessions'.", "of": "Iranian authorities convicted the seven men over the September 2008 killing of Abdolrahim Tina, a congregational prayer leader in Mahabad (RFE/RL, HRANA).", "sr": [ [ "Kurdistan Human Rights Network (1 May 2024)", "https://kurdistanhumanrights.org/en/news/2024/05/01/iran-executes-kurdish-prisoner-of-conscience-after-14-years-in-jail" ], [ "Amnesty International (24 Jan 2024)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/01/iran-executions-of-protester-with-mental-disability-and-kurdish-man-mark-plunge-into-new-realms-of-cruelty/" ], [ "Iran International (2 May 2024)", "https://www.iranintl.com/en/202405020432" ] ], "pk": [ "Kurdistan Human Rights Network", "https://kurdistanhumanrights.org/en/news/2024/05/01/iran-executes-kurdish-prisoner-of-conscience-after-14-years-in-jail" ] }, { "id": "kamran-sheikheh", "n": "Kamran Sheikheh", "d": "2024-07-25", "y": 2024, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "West Azerbaijan", "pl": "Urmia Prison", "ch": "'Corruption on earth' in the case over the 2008 killing of Mahabad prayer leader Abdolrahim Tina (RFE/RL, AFP).", "nt": "The last of seven Kurdish co-defendants executed between November 2023 and July 2024; held almost 15 years.", "rp": "Arrested in 2010 (AFP via Al Arabiya). IHR called him a 'political prisoner' sentenced 'based on torture-tainted confessions in a grossly unfair trial'.", "ir": "No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty said the seven were sentenced 'in a grossly unfair trial' marred by torture allegations; IHR director Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam said the execution amounted to 'an extrajudicial killing'.", "of": "Iranian authorities convicted the seven men over the September 2008 killing of Abdolrahim Tina, a congregational prayer leader in Mahabad (RFE/RL, HRANA).", "sr": [ [ "RFE/RL (25 Jul 2024)", "https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-executes-kurdish-prisoner/33050585.html" ], [ "AFP via Al Arabiya (25 Jul 2024)", "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/07/25/iran-hangs-final-defendant-in-2008-case-after-unfair-trial-rights-groups" ] ], "pk": [ "RFE/RL", "https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-executes-kurdish-prisoner/33050585.html" ] }, { "id": "reza-rasaei", "n": "Reza (Gholamreza) Rasaei", "d": "2024-08-06", "y": 2024, "a": 35, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Kermanshah", "pl": "Dizel Abad Prison, Kermanshah", "ch": "Involvement in the intentional murder of Nader Beyrami, head of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation in Sahneh, during an anti-government protest on 18 November 2022 (sentence under qisas, per KHRN).", "nt": "Aged 35, a Kurdish Yarsani civilian (KHRN). His family was not informed in advance, per Amnesty and KHRN, and he was buried under security-force supervision.", "rp": "Sentenced on 7 October 2023 by a Kermanshah criminal court, per KHRN and Amnesty. Amnesty counts him as the 10th person executed in relation to the uprising.", "ir": "The alleged victim was the head of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation in Sahneh (KHRN). No IRGC role in his interrogation is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty says the trial relied on forced 'confessions' obtained under torture, including beatings, electric shocks, suffocation and sexual violence (as reported to it by an informed source).", "of": "The sentence was imposed under qisas, which gives the victim's family the right to demand retribution.", "sr": [ [ "Amnesty International (Aug 2024)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/08/iran-shocking-secret-execution-of-young-man-in-relation-to-woman-life-freedom-uprising/" ], [ "Kurdistan Human Rights Network (6 Aug 2024)", "https://kurdistanhumanrights.org/en/news/2024/08/06/kurdish-political-prisoner-reza-rasaei-secretly-executed-in-kermanshah" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/08/iran-shocking-secret-execution-of-young-man-in-relation-to-woman-life-freedom-uprising/" ] }, { "id": "jamshid-sharmahd", "n": "Jamshid Sharmahd", "d": "2024-10-28", "y": 2024, "a": 69, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Not stated in the sources consulted", "ch": "'Corruption on earth' linked to a 2008 mosque bombing in Shiraz that killed 14, and alleged leadership of the Tondar monarchist group (judiciary).", "nt": "Aged 69, a German citizen and California resident. Germany's Foreign Minister called his death a 'murder' and announced the closure of the three Iranian consulates-general in Germany.", "rp": "AP reports he was kidnapped in Dubai in 2020; Iran's Intelligence Ministry announced his capture in a 'complex operation'. A 2022 UN expert finding called his detention 'arbitrary'. He was sentenced to death in February 2023.", "ir": "AP describes the abduction as carried out 'by Iranian security forces'; Iran's Intelligence Ministry announced the capture. No IRGC arrest role is reported in the sources consulted, though the judiciary also accused him of 'disclosing classified information' on IRGC missile sites.", "cn": "Amnesty International said his 'confessions' were forced (DW). Germany said he was held for years 'without a fair trial'.", "of": "The judiciary announced the execution, saying 'Without a doubt, the divine promise regarding the supporters of terrorism will be fulfilled' (AP).", "sr": [ [ "Associated Press (28 Oct 2024)", "https://apnews.com/article/iran-execution-jamshid-sharmahd-93555d24a162515f554ade4aac3c64f4" ], [ "Deutsche Welle (28 Oct 2024)", "https://www.dw.com/en/iran-executes-german-iranian-jamshid-sharmahd/a-70622205" ], [ "German Federal Foreign Office (31 Oct 2024)", "https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/2682710-2682710" ] ], "pk": [ "Associated Press", "https://apnews.com/article/iran-execution-jamshid-sharmahd-93555d24a162515f554ade4aac3c64f4" ], "ph": "https://petersworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/iran-memorial-sharmahd.jpg", "pc": { "a": "Gazelle Sharmahd", "l": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "lu": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "p": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jamshid_Sharmahd_in_California_(cropped).jpg" } }, { "id": "mohsen-langarneshin", "n": "Mohsen Langarneshin", "d": "2025-04-30", "y": 2025, "a": 36, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "Espionage for Israel's Mossad and giving 'technical support' for the 2022 killing of IRGC Colonel Hassan Sayyad Khodaei in Tehran (IRNA, via The Guardian).", "nt": "Aged 36, a former IT consultant. IRNA said Mossad recruited him in 2020; he was arrested in July 2023. His mother said there was evidence of his innocence the court refused to accept.", "rp": "Convicted by a Revolutionary Court presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, per the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center (Guardian).", "ir": "The alleged target of the operation was an IRGC colonel. The arresting agency is not named in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Iran Human Rights said he was 'sentenced to death in an unfair judicial process based on confessions obtained under torture' (Guardian). His family and rights groups said he was innocent; the Guardian reports these as their claims.", "of": "IRNA called him a 'senior spy' for the Mossad.", "sr": [ [ "The Guardian (30 Apr 2025)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/30/iran-executes-mohsen-langarneshin-accused-of-helping-israel-kill-colonel-in-revolutionary-guards" ], [ "Iran Human Rights, 2025 Annual Report on the Death Penalty", "https://iranhr.net/media/files/2025_Annual_Report_on_the_Death_Penalty.pdf" ] ], "pk": [ "Iran Human Rights", "https://iranhr.net/media/files/2025_Annual_Report_on_the_Death_Penalty.pdf" ] }, { "id": "mojahed-kourkouri", "n": "Mojahed (Abbas) Kourkouri", "d": "2025-06-11", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Khuzestan", "pl": "Not specified (case from Izeh, Khuzestan)", "ch": "Armed attacks and membership of a 'rebellion group'; accused by authorities of involvement in the killing of seven people, including nine-year-old Kian Pirfalak, in Izeh in November 2022 (Mizan, via BBC).", "nt": "BBC counts him as the 11th person known to be executed in relation to the 2022 protests; he was shot and injured in the knee during his arrest.", "rp": "Authorities blamed 'terrorist agents' for the killing of Kian Pirfalak; Kian's family has repeatedly said it does not think Kourkouri was involved and his mother was heard saying 'Plainclothes forces shot my child'. She later appeared to recant on state TV.", "ir": "The killing was reported by his family as having been committed by 'plainclothes forces' (BBC); this is the family's account. The Iranian authorities maintain a 'rioter' shot the boy. His arrest was an armed raid, per rights groups cited by BBC; the arresting agency is not named in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty says he was subjected to enforced disappearance and torture to extract 'confessions' broadcast on state media, and that he was denied an independently chosen lawyer.", "of": "Mizan reported the conviction for armed attacks and membership of a rebellion group.", "sr": [ [ "BBC News: Iran executes man over 2022 anti-government protests", "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj42jrjw8n1o" ], [ "Amnesty International (11 Jun 2025)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/06/iran-arbitrary-execution-of-woman-life-freedom-protester-after-sham-trial-and-torture/" ], [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/7656/" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/06/iran-arbitrary-execution-of-woman-life-freedom-protester-after-sham-trial-and-torture/" ] }, { "id": "esmail-fekri", "n": "Esmail Fekri", "d": "2025-06-16", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Not specified by Mizan", "ch": "'Moharebeh' and 'corruption on earth' for espionage and cooperation with Israel's Mossad (Mizan, via AFP).", "nt": "Arrested in December 2023, per Mizan, 'while he was still in communication' with the Israeli service. Executed while the Israel-Iran war was under way.", "rp": "Mizan said the Supreme Court affirmed the sentence and the 'full criminal procedure' was completed. Mizan's own date for the execution of Fekri in a later article is 15 June 2025; its 16 June announcement and AFP date it 16 June.", "ir": "Mizan attributes the arrest to 'Iran's security and intelligence apparatus' without naming an agency.", "cn": "Charges are the Iranian judiciary's claims. Rights groups say espionage trials in Iran lack fair-trial guarantees. No named monitor's statement on this individual case was found in the sources consulted.", "of": "Mizan said the case documents showed contact with two Mossad officers and attempts to transfer classified information for money.", "sr": [ [ "Mizan Online (16 Jun 2025)", "https://www.mizanonline.ir/en/news/1530/mossad-spy-executed-major-intelligence-strike-against-zionist-spy-network-inside-iran" ], [ "AFP via Al Arabiya (16 Jun 2025)", "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2025/06/16/iran-executes-man-for-spying-for-israel-s-mossad-report-" ] ], "pk": [ "Mizan Online", "https://www.mizanonline.ir/en/news/1530/mossad-spy-executed-major-intelligence-strike-against-zionist-spy-network-inside-iran" ], "dn": "Mizan's later Shahbazi article gives Fekri's execution date as 15 June 2025; AFP and Mizan's 16 June report give 16 June." }, { "id": "majid-masibi", "n": "Majid Masibi (Mosayebi)", "d": "2025-06-22", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Not specified by Mizan", "ch": "'Moharebeh' and 'corruption on earth' for espionage and intelligence cooperation with Israel (Mizan).", "nt": "Mizan said he was paid in cryptocurrency and reported weekly to a Mossad handler.", "rp": "Mizan said the trial was held with the defendant and his lawyer present and the Supreme Court gave final confirmation. Executed on the tenth day of the Israel-Iran war (AFP).", "ir": "Mizan says he was identified and arrested by 'Iranian intelligence agents'; no agency is named.", "cn": "Charges are the Iranian judiciary's claims. Rights groups say espionage trials in Iran lack fair-trial guarantees. No named monitor's statement on this individual case was found in the sources consulted.", "of": "Mizan said 'solid evidence submitted by security officials' supported the verdict.", "sr": [ [ "Mizan Online (22 Jun 2025)", "https://www.mizanonline.ir/en/news/1573/majid-masibi-spy-for-the-zionist-regime-executed" ], [ "AFP via Al Arabiya (22 Jun 2025)", "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2025/06/22/iran-executes-man-convicted-of-being-a-spy-for-israel-" ] ], "pk": [ "Mizan Online", "https://www.mizanonline.ir/en/news/1573/majid-masibi-spy-for-the-zionist-regime-executed" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-amin-mahdavi-shayesteh", "n": "Mohammad-Amin Mahdavi Shayesteh", "d": "2025-06-23", "y": 2025, "a": 27, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "Intelligence cooperation with the Zionist regime (Mizan); Rudaw adds an accusation of cooperating with Iran International.", "nt": "Aged 27, a political prisoner from Tehran, arrested on 4 December 2023 and held nearly three months in a high-security facility, per Hengaw.", "rp": "Hengaw (via Hands Off Cain) says he was sentenced by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) and denied an independent lawyer.", "ir": "No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Hengaw says he was denied access to an independent defence attorney. Rudaw notes confessions in such cases 'are widely believed to be coerced'. State outlets said the execution followed 'full legal due process'.", "of": "Mizan: 'hanged this morning for intelligence cooperation with the Zionist regime' (Rudaw).", "sr": [ [ "Rudaw (23 Jun 2025)", "https://www.rudaw.net/english/categories/iran/879607" ], [ "Hands Off Cain, citing Hengaw (23 Jun 2025)", "https://handsoffcain.info/news/iran-mohammad-amin-mahdavi-shayesteh-executed-in-ghezel-hesar-on-june-23-60464368" ], [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8675/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8675/" ] }, { "id": "behrouz-ehsani", "n": "Behrouz Ehsani (Eslamlou)", "d": "2025-07-27", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (per Hana)", "ch": "'Baghy' (armed rebellion), 'moharebeh' and 'corruption on earth' for alleged MEK/PMOI affiliation and building mortar launchers (Mizan, Amnesty).", "nt": "Executed with Mehdi Hassani. The MEK is a banned opposition group; Iranian authorities describe it as terrorist.", "rp": "Amnesty had issued an urgent appeal for both in January 2025.", "ir": "No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty says the men denied the accusations, saying they were based on forced 'confessions' extracted through torture, and that they were interrogated without lawyers. Amnesty called the charges 'overly broad and vaguely defined'.", "of": "Mizan said they 'manufactured launchers' causing damage to civilians, homes, administrative buildings and educational and charity centres; it said they used improvised mortar launchers (AP).", "sr": [ [ "Amnesty International (Jul 2025)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/07/iran-horrifying-secret-executions-amid-mounting-political-repression/" ], [ "Associated Press (27 Jul 2025)", "https://apnews.com/article/mujahedeen-activists-executed-iran-dbff689584c96b44b8641f91f0a69353" ], [ "Hana Human Rights Organization", "https://hanahr.org/en/news/mehdi-hasani-and-behrouz-ehsani-eslamloo-were-executed-in-ghezel-hesar-prison-in-karaj/" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/07/iran-horrifying-secret-executions-amid-mounting-political-repression/" ] }, { "id": "mehdi-hassani", "n": "Mehdi Hassani (Hasani)", "d": "2025-07-27", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (per Hana)", "ch": "As for Behrouz Ehsani.", "nt": "Executed with Behrouz Ehsani.", "rp": "See entry for Behrouz Ehsani.", "ir": "No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Amnesty says the men denied the accusations, saying they were based on forced 'confessions' extracted through torture, and that they were interrogated without lawyers. Amnesty called the charges 'overly broad and vaguely defined'.", "of": "Mizan said they 'manufactured launchers' causing damage to civilians, homes, administrative buildings and educational and charity centres; it said they used improvised mortar launchers (AP).", "sr": [ [ "Amnesty International (Jul 2025)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/07/iran-horrifying-secret-executions-amid-mounting-political-repression/" ], [ "Associated Press (27 Jul 2025)", "https://apnews.com/article/mujahedeen-activists-executed-iran-dbff689584c96b44b8641f91f0a69353" ], [ "Hana Human Rights Organization", "https://hanahr.org/en/news/mehdi-hasani-and-behrouz-ehsani-eslamloo-were-executed-in-ghezel-hesar-prison-in-karaj/" ] ], "pk": [ "Amnesty International", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/07/iran-horrifying-secret-executions-amid-mounting-political-repression/" ] }, { "id": "rouzbeh-vadi", "n": "Rouzbeh Vadi", "d": "2025-08-06", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Not specified by Mizan", "ch": "Passing classified information to the Mossad, including information about an Iranian nuclear scientist killed in the June 2025 war (Mizan, via AP).", "nt": "Mizan said he met Mossad officers five times in Vienna. State TV aired a brief video purporting to show his confession.", "rp": "AP says it was unclear if he spoke under duress.", "ir": "The arresting agency and time and place of arrest were not identified by Mizan (AP).", "cn": "Charges are the Iranian judiciary's claims. Rights groups say espionage trials in Iran lack fair-trial guarantees. AP notes it was unclear if the aired confession was voluntary.", "of": "IRNA said he worked with 'important and sensitive agencies' in Iran and was attractive to Mossad because of his 'access level'.", "sr": [ [ "Associated Press (6 Aug 2025)", "https://apnews.com/article/iran-israel-mossad-islamic-state-executions-spying-1b65cbd0a4432d53ec8eb354f4037085" ], [ "Al Jazeera (6 Aug 2025)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/6/iran-executes-man-accused-of-spying-on-israel-ahead-of-june-attacks" ], [ "Mehr News Agency (6 Aug 2025)", "https://en.mehrnews.com/news/235104/Mossad-spy-executed-in-Iran" ] ], "pk": [ "Associated Press", "https://apnews.com/article/iran-israel-mossad-islamic-state-executions-spying-1b65cbd0a4432d53ec8eb354f4037085" ] }, { "id": "mehran-bahramian", "n": "Mehran Bahramian", "d": "2025-09-06", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Not specified (case from Semirom, Isfahan)", "ch": "'Moharebeh' for the alleged killing of Special Forces officer Mohsen Rezaei in Semirom, Isfahan Province (Mizan).", "nt": "Arrested on 16 January 2023, per the judiciary (HRANA). AP counts it as the 12th known execution linked to the 2022 protests.", "rp": "The Supreme Court overturned the first death sentence and sent the case for retrial; the sentence was reissued and upheld (HRANA citing the judiciary). Mizan dated the attack to 10 January 2023; AP reported December 2022.", "ir": "The alleged victim was a Special Forces police officer. No IRGC arrest or interrogation role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "HRANA and Iran Human Rights reported on the case; see sources. Rights groups cite concerns over unfair trials in protest cases generally.", "of": "Mizan said the attack was an armed attack on a police vehicle with others.", "sr": [ [ "HRANA (6 Sep 2025)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/protester-arrested-in-2022-uprising-mehran-bahramian-executed/" ], [ "Associated Press (6 Sep 2025)", "https://apnews.com/article/iran-execution-protest-mehran-bahramian-mahsa-amini-c349f3258bf90bb4972fc0c548c8a407" ], [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/7971/" ] ], "pk": [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/protester-arrested-in-2022-uprising-mehran-bahramian-executed/" ], "dn": "Mizan dates the attack to 10 January 2023; AP reports December 2022." }, { "id": "babak-shahbazi", "n": "Babak Shahbazi", "d": "2025-09-17", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Not specified by Mizan", "ch": "Espionage and intelligence cooperation with Israel (Mizan): alleged sale of information on telecommunications and military data centres.", "nt": "A contractor who designed industrial cooling systems, per Mizan. Activists said he wrote to Ukraine's president offering to fight in Kyiv (Al Jazeera).", "rp": "Mizan said the Supreme Court confirmed the sentence; Mizan links his case to Esmail Fekri, who it says he met in a virtual group.", "ir": "No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Activists disputed the claim and said Shahbazi was tortured into a false confession (Al Jazeera, attributed to activists).", "of": "Mizan said he intended to sell information to Mossad for money and foreign residency.", "sr": [ [ "Mizan Online (17 Sep 2025)", "https://www.mizanonline.ir/en/news/2481/execution-of-babak-shahbazi-mossad-spy-carried-out" ], [ "Al Jazeera (29 Sep 2025)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/29/iran-hangs-one-of-the-most-important-spies-for-israel-in-latest-execution" ] ], "pk": [ "Mizan Online", "https://www.mizanonline.ir/en/news/2481/execution-of-babak-shahbazi-mossad-spy-carried-out" ] }, { "id": "bahman-choobi-asl", "n": "Bahman Choobi-asl", "d": "2025-09-29", "y": 2025, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Not specified by Mizan", "ch": "'Corruption on earth' through espionage; Mizan said he worked on 'sensitive telecommunications projects' and met Mossad officials (Al Jazeera).", "nt": "Described by Mizan as 'one of the most important spies for Israel in Iran'.", "rp": "The Supreme Court rejected his appeal and confirmed the sentence, per Mizan.", "ir": "No IRGC role is reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Al Jazeera notes Iran has executed ten people for espionage since the June 2025 war; rights groups dispute espionage trials' fairness (see Shahbazi entry for activists' claims).", "of": "Mizan said Mossad sought the database of governmental institutions and a breach in Iranian data centres.", "sr": [ [ "Al Jazeera (29 Sep 2025)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/29/iran-hangs-one-of-the-most-important-spies-for-israel-in-latest-execution" ], [ "Mehr News Agency (29 Sep 2025)", "https://en.mehrnews.com/news/237097/Mossad-spy-Bahman-Choubi-executed-in-Iran" ] ], "pk": [ "Al Jazeera", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/29/iran-hangs-one-of-the-most-important-spies-for-israel-in-latest-execution" ], "dn": "Reported on 29 September 2025; the execution date is given as that day by Al Jazeera citing Mizan." }, { "id": "kourosh-keyvani", "n": "Kourosh Keyvani", "d": "2026-03-18", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "'Intelligence cooperation and espionage in favour of the Israeli government' (Mizan).", "nt": "Iranian-Swedish dual national; arrested 16 June 2025 in Savojbolagh county, per IHRNGO. The case drew a reaction from Sweden and the EU (Al Jazeera).", "rp": "Tasnim said he was recruited online in 2023 after submitting details through a group-travel advertisement. IHRNGO says his trial was held in December in the presence of a lawyer of his choosing, but calls the proceedings grossly unfair.", "ir": "IHRNGO reports he was arrested by the Intelligence Organisation of the IRGC on 16 June 2025.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the conviction rested on electronic correspondence, videos and images from his devices and confessions attributed to him.", "of": "Mizan announced the execution on 18 March 2026 and the charge.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8655/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/kourosh-keyvani-executed-on-charges-of-espionage/" ], [ "Al Jazeera (4 Apr 2026)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/4/iran-executes-suspected-members-of-dissident-group-amid-us-israel-war" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8655/" ] }, { "id": "mehdi-ghasemi", "n": "Mehdi Ghasemi", "d": "2026-03-19", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Qom", "pl": "Qom (public execution, per Mizan)", "ch": "'Waging war against God' (moharebeh), over the alleged killing of a member of the security forces in a separate incident, per HRW.", "nt": "Hanged in Qom on the same day as Saleh Mohammadi and Saeed Davodi.", "rp": "HRW says Ghasemi was tried alongside the other two on the same charge although the allegation concerned a different incident (a group trial of unrelated cases). Mizan said the three were accused over the deaths of two policemen on 8 January.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO calls the trials grossly unfair and says confessions were extracted under torture and coercion. Human Rights Watch reviewed a Qom court verdict and says the men were tried in parallel criminal and revolutionary-court proceedings on overlapping facts.", "of": "Mizan (judiciary) reported the three were hanged 'in the presence of a group of people in Qom' and were accused of participating in the killing of policemen during the 8 January protests in Qom.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8656/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/iran-executes-three-men-arrested-during-january-protests-in-qom/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8656/" ] }, { "id": "saeed-davodi", "n": "Saeed Davodi", "d": "2026-03-19", "y": 2026, "a": 21, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Qom", "pl": "Qom (public execution, per Mizan)", "ch": "'Waging war against God' (moharebeh) by a revolutionary court; in the criminal court he was convicted of non-fatal assault, per HRW.", "nt": "Co-defendant of Saleh Mohammadi; hanged in Qom on the same day.", "rp": "IHRNGO gives his age as 21 (he would have turned 22 on 21 March). HRW, citing a 3 February verdict, says the criminal court convicted him of assault (prison term and blood money) rather than murder, yet a revolutionary court sentenced him to death.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO calls the trials grossly unfair and says confessions were extracted under torture and coercion. Human Rights Watch reviewed a Qom court verdict and says the men were tried in parallel criminal and revolutionary-court proceedings on overlapping facts.", "of": "Mizan (judiciary) reported the three were hanged 'in the presence of a group of people in Qom' and were accused of participating in the killing of policemen during the 8 January protests in Qom.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8656/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/iran-executes-three-men-arrested-during-january-protests-in-qom/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8656/" ] }, { "id": "saleh-mohammadi", "n": "Saleh Mohammadi", "d": "2026-03-19", "y": 2026, "a": 19, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Qom", "pl": "Qom (public execution, per Mizan)", "ch": "Murder (qisas) in the Qom Criminal Court and 'waging war against God' (moharebeh) in a revolutionary court, over the death of a policeman on 8 January 2026, as reported by Mizan and HRW.", "nt": "Teenage national-team wrestler arrested in January 2026; hanged about five weeks after arrest, according to HRW.", "rp": "Reported by Mizan and IHRNGO: arrested after the 8 January 2026 protests in Qom, tried in two parallel proceedings, and hanged in public on 19 March 2026. HRW says the Qom Criminal Court convicted him of murder and sentenced him to retribution in kind, and that a revolutionary-court branch also sentenced him to death.", "ir": "Alleged victim: a member of the security forces (police). Arrest by which agency: not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO calls the trials grossly unfair and says confessions were extracted under torture and coercion. Human Rights Watch reviewed a Qom court verdict and says the men were tried in parallel criminal and revolutionary-court proceedings on overlapping facts.", "of": "Mizan (judiciary) reported the three were hanged 'in the presence of a group of people in Qom' and were accused of participating in the killing of policemen during the 8 January protests in Qom.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8656/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/iran-executes-three-men-arrested-during-january-protests-in-qom/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8656/" ] }, { "id": "akbar-daneshvarkar", "n": "Akbar (Shahrokh) Daneshvarkar", "d": "2026-03-30", "y": 2026, "a": 59, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Baghy' (armed rebellion) through membership of the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK/PMOI).", "nt": "Aged 59, a civil engineer and father, arrested at his Tehran home on 3 January 2024, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO's account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).", "of": "Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of 'baghy' (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8658/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoners-akbar-daneshvar-kar-and-mohammad-taghavi-sang-dehi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8658/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-taghavi-sangdehi", "n": "Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi", "d": "2026-03-30", "y": 2026, "a": 60, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Baghy' (armed rebellion) through membership of the MEK/PMOI.", "nt": "Aged 60, a former political prisoner and survivor of the 1988 prison killings, arrested in Chaldaran on 23 February 2024, per IHRNGO; held almost a year in Evin Ward 209.", "rp": "Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO's account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).", "of": "Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of 'baghy' (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8658/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoners-akbar-daneshvar-kar-and-mohammad-taghavi-sang-dehi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8658/" ] }, { "id": "babak-alipour", "n": "Babak Alipour", "d": "2026-03-31", "y": 2026, "a": 34, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Baghy' through membership of the MEK/PMOI.", "nt": "Aged 34, a law graduate previously arrested in 2018 and 2021, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO's account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).", "of": "Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of 'baghy' (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8659/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoners-babak-alipour-and-pouya-ghobadi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8659/" ] }, { "id": "pouya-ghobadi", "n": "Pouya Ghobadi (Boostani)", "d": "2026-03-31", "y": 2026, "a": 32, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Baghy' through membership of the MEK/PMOI.", "nt": "Aged 32, an electrical engineer whose five relatives were jailed and executed in the 1980s, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO's account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).", "of": "Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of 'baghy' (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8659/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoners-babak-alipour-and-pouya-ghobadi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8659/" ] }, { "id": "amirhossein-hatami", "n": "Amirhossein Hatami", "d": "2026-04-02", "y": 2026, "a": 18, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (reported)", "ch": "Operational action against national security for hostile states and groups, entering classified military sites, arson of state property (as reported by Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 18; hanged 84 days after his arrest at the 8 January 2026 Tehran protest, per IHRNGO and HRW.", "rp": "Mizan announced the execution on 2 April 2026. IHRNGO reports the execution was reportedly carried out in Ghezelhesar Prison. He was one of seven defendants sentenced to death in a single case.", "ir": "The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC's role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.", "of": "Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting 'on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups', entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants 'deceived youth'.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8663/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/judiciary-announces-the-execution-of-amirhossein-hatami/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8663/" ] }, { "id": "abolhassan-montazer", "n": "Abolhassan Montazer", "d": "2026-04-04", "y": 2026, "a": 65, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Baghy' (armed rebellion) through membership of the MEK/PMOI; Mizan alleged he arranged safe houses used for building launchers and bombs.", "nt": "Aged 65, an architect and father of two, previously jailed under the Shah and in the 1980s and 2019, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO's account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).", "of": "Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of 'baghy' (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8666/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoners-abolhassan-montazer-and-vahid-bani-amerian-executed/" ], [ "Al Jazeera (4 Apr 2026)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/4/iran-executes-suspected-members-of-dissident-group-amid-us-israel-war" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8666/" ] }, { "id": "vahid-bani-amerian", "n": "Vahid Bani-Amerian", "d": "2026-04-04", "y": 2026, "a": 32, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "'Baghy' through membership of the MEK/PMOI; Mizan alleged propaganda for the group and taking part in operations.", "nt": "Aged 32, an MBA student who taught physics, per IHRNGO; Mizan said he was arrested with Montazer preparing a launcher operation and four launchers were found.", "rp": "Sentenced in December 2024 by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) with four co-defendants; HRANA reports the Supreme Court overturned the sentences in July 2025 and they were re-issued after a retrial in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the six co-defendants were subjected to physical and psychological torture, including mock executions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied access to their lawyers, and that the executions were carried out secretly. This is IHRNGO's account (confirmed, it says, by one of the lawyers).", "of": "Mizan said they were MEK members convicted of 'baghy' (armed rebellion) after the Supreme Court upheld the sentences; it alleged the group used safe houses to build rocket launchers and improvised bombs. Iranian authorities describe the MEK as a terrorist organisation; it is banned in Iran.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8666/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoners-abolhassan-montazer-and-vahid-bani-amerian-executed/" ], [ "Al Jazeera (4 Apr 2026)", "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/4/iran-executes-suspected-members-of-dissident-group-amid-us-israel-war" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8666/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-amin-biglari", "n": "Mohammad Amin Biglari", "d": "2026-04-05", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (reported)", "ch": "Attacking a classified military site, destruction, arson and attempted access to its armoury (as reported by Mizan).", "nt": "Arrested 8 January 2026 in Tehran; hanged 87 days after arrest, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Mizan announced on 5 April 2026 that Biglari and Shahin Vahedparast Kolor were hanged; co-defendant Amirhossein Hatami had been hanged on 2 April.", "ir": "The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC's role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.", "of": "Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting 'on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups', entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants 'deceived youth'.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8667/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-mohammadamin-biglari-and-shahin-vahedparast-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8667/" ] }, { "id": "shahin-vahedparast-kolor", "n": "Shahin Vahedparast Kolor", "d": "2026-04-05", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (reported)", "ch": "Attacking a classified military site, destruction, arson and attempted access to its armoury (as reported by Mizan).", "nt": "Co-defendant of Hatami and Biglari; hanged on 5 April 2026.", "rp": "See entry for Mohammad Amin Biglari: the two were announced together by Mizan.", "ir": "The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC's role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.", "of": "Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting 'on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups', entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants 'deceived youth'.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8667/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-mohammadamin-biglari-and-shahin-vahedparast-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8667/" ] }, { "id": "ali-fahim", "n": "Ali Fahim", "d": "2026-04-06", "y": 2026, "a": 23, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (established by IHRNGO)", "ch": "Participating in operational acts against national security on behalf of the 'Zionist regime', the US and hostile groups; entering classified military sites (per Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 23; the fourth defendant of the seven-man case hanged within five days.", "rp": "IHRNGO says co-defendants Abolfazl Salehi Siavashani, Shahab Zohdi and Yaser Rajaifar remained at risk; HRANA reported on 17-18 August that the Supreme Court had overturned some of the remaining sentences and sent them for retrial.", "ir": "The case concerned an alleged attack on an IRGC base in Tehran (as described by Mizan video, per IHRNGO). The IRGC's role in the arrests or interrogations is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the seven defendants were tried by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) on 7 February 2026, were sentenced to death the next day, had court-appointed lawyers only, and that confessions were forced. HRW calls the proceedings summary and grossly unfair.", "of": "Mizan reported the men were convicted of acting 'on behalf of the Zionist regime, the United States and hostile groups', entering classified military sites to take weapons and ammunition, and arson; it said the Supreme Court (Branch 9) upheld the sentences. State video called the defendants 'deceived youth'.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8668/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-ali-fahim-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8668/" ] }, { "id": "hamed-validi", "n": "Hamed Validi", "d": "2026-04-20", "y": 2026, "a": 45, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Karaj prison (Karaj Central/Ghezelhesar, per rights groups)", "ch": "Alleged building and delivering explosive projectiles; Iranian media linked the case to Mossad and the MEK.", "nt": "Aged 45, a civil engineer from Karaj, arrested in Tehran on 12 May 2025, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "HRANA's headline calls it 'alleged cooperation with Mossad'; the MEK says the men were its members (MEK statements are partisan).", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says they were reportedly tortured and coerced, including through the arrest of family members, to give false confessions.", "of": "Mizan said they constructed explosive projectiles and moved them to launch sites, and that ten ready-to-fire projectiles and mortar-making equipment were found; Iranian media also described a 'spy network linked to Mossad' and MEK ties.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8694/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/two-defendants-executed-over-alleged-cooperation-with-mossad-and-security-charges/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8694/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-masoum-shahi", "n": "Mohammad (Nima) Masoum Shahi", "d": "2026-04-20", "y": 2026, "a": 38, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Karaj prison (Karaj Central/Ghezelhesar, per rights groups)", "ch": "As for Hamed Validi.", "nt": "Aged 38, a technical worker from Karaj, arrested in Tehran on 12 May 2025, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Executed with Hamed Validi on 20 April 2026.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says they were reportedly tortured and coerced, including through the arrest of family members, to give false confessions.", "of": "Mizan said they constructed explosive projectiles and moved them to launch sites, and that ten ready-to-fire projectiles and mortar-making equipment were found; Iranian media also described a 'spy network linked to Mossad' and MEK ties.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8694/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/two-defendants-executed-over-alleged-cooperation-with-mossad-and-security-charges/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8694/" ] }, { "id": "amir-ali-mir-jafari", "n": "Amir Ali Mir Jafari", "d": "2026-04-21", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "Operational acts for the 'Zionist regime' and the US through arson of the Gholhak Jame Mosque and public property, and attacking officers with a short machete (per Mizan).", "nt": "Arrested over the January 2026 protests in Tehran.", "rp": "IHRNGO says the Supreme Court upheld the sentence relying heavily on his own confessions. HRANA reported the execution on 21 April 2026.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says confessions were extracted under torture or duress, a routine practice in its view.", "of": "Mizan reported the execution and the charge as above.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8699/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-amir-ali-mirjafari-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8699/" ] }, { "id": "mehdi-farid", "n": "Mehdi Farid", "d": "2026-04-22", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan); probably Ghezelhesar Prison per IHRNGO", "ch": "'Efsad-fil-arz' (corruption on earth) through intelligence collaboration and espionage for the Mossad (Mizan).", "nt": "IHRNGO counts him as the fourth person hanged on such charges in 2026.", "rp": "IHRNGO says he was transferred to Ghezelhesar in November 2025.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says defendants in such cases were coerced and tortured into self-incriminating confessions later used as the basis of sentences.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentence and charge.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8704/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/mehdi-farid-executed-on-espionage-charges/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8704/" ] }, { "id": "soltan-ali-shirzadi-fakhr", "n": "Soltan Ali Shirzadi Fakhr", "d": "2026-04-23", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "'Moharebeh' (enmity against God) through taking up arms in the 'Forough Javidan' and 'Chelcheragh' operations, MEK membership and 'collaboration with the Zionist regime' (per Mizan, via IHRNGO).", "nt": "IHRNGO says he lived in Spain and had reportedly returned to Iran to visit family; it counts him as the ninth MEK-affiliated political prisoner executed in the last month.", "rp": "The 'Forough Javidan' (Eternal Light) operation was the MEK's 1988 armed incursion from Iraq. IHRNGO says his confessions are cited as evidence and that no evidence of collusion with Israel is presented; it calls this a rare case of execution for alleged armed operations nearly four decades ago. HRANA reported his execution on 23 April.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the case rests on confessions; it criticises the use of the death penalty against political prisoners.", "of": "Mizan reported the conviction and execution.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8708/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoner-sultanali-shirzadi-fakhr-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8708/" ] }, { "id": "erfan-kiani", "n": "Erfan Kiani", "d": "2026-04-25", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Undisclosed location in Isfahan (Tasnim)", "ch": "'Moharebeh' through drawing a machete to intimidate the public, blocking streets and inciting violence (per Tasnim); HRW: throwing stones and a Molotov cocktail, vandalising traffic cameras.", "nt": "Arrested 8 January 2026 in Isfahan; IHRNGO says little was known of his case before the announcement.", "rp": "The Isfahan Revolutionary Court sentenced him; Tasnim named him 'the leader of a group of enemy agents in Isfahan'.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says no earlier information about the case was public. HRW says the government did not allege he killed anyone.", "of": "Tasnim and Mizan reported the charge and said he had 'confessed' to a role in arson.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8711/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-erfan-kiani-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8711/" ] }, { "id": "amer-ramesh", "n": "Amer Ramesh", "d": "2026-04-26", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Sistan and Baluchestan", "pl": "Zahedan Central Prison (reported by Haalvsh via IHRNGO)", "ch": "'Baghy' (armed rebellion) through bombing and ambushes against military forces and membership of Jaysh al-Adl and the Baloch Justice Seekers Movement (as quoted by IHRNGO).", "nt": "Baluch political prisoner, per IHRNGO; Haalvsh reports he was shot and arrested at 18 and was deprived of a last family visit. Iran describes Jaysh al-Adl as a terrorist group.", "rp": "IHRNGO says authorities earlier told his family he had been killed and later aired his confessions.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says his confessions were torture-tainted.", "of": "Tasnim reported the execution and the charge.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8712/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/iran-executes-amer-ramesh-on-security-charges/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8712/" ] }, { "id": "sasan-azadvar", "n": "Sasan Azadvar Jonaqani", "d": "2026-04-30", "y": 2026, "a": 21, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Isfahan Central Prison (established by IHRNGO)", "ch": "'Waging war against God' for allegedly throwing stones, breaking the windows of a police minibus and inciting others (per Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 21; Kyokushin karate champion, per IHRNGO; executed under four months after arrest, per HRW.", "rp": "Branch 1 of the Isfahan Revolutionary Court sentenced him. HRW, citing Mizan verdict excerpts, says the government did not allege he killed anyone.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "HRW says the trial was grossly unfair and the offences alleged were not 'most serious crimes' under international law. IHRNGO describes torture-tainted confessions in protest cases generally.", "of": "Mizan published verdict excerpts naming the acts above.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8718/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-21-year-old-sasan-azadvar-junaqani-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8718/" ] }, { "id": "naser-bakerzadeh", "n": "Naser Bakerzadeh", "d": "2026-05-02", "y": 2026, "a": 26, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "West Azerbaijan", "pl": "Unspecified location (Tasnim); held in Urmia before transfer", "ch": "'Efsad-fil-arz' for intelligence cooperation with the Mossad (per IHRNGO).", "nt": "Aged 26, a Kurdish man who worked in the tourism trade, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "In a letter from prison dated 25 April he wrote that he was arrested on 2 January 2024 and held for three months in solitary confinement in an IRGC Intelligence unit under severe psychological torture (IHRNGO translation).", "ir": "Per his own letter (as quoted by IHRNGO), he was held for three months in an IRGC Intelligence unit.", "cn": "As above; the torture allegation is his, as quoted by IHRNGO.", "of": "Tasnim announced the execution on 2 May.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8719/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/yaghoub-karimpour-and-naser-bakrzadeh-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8719/" ] }, { "id": "yaghoub-karimpour", "n": "Yaghoub Karimpour", "d": "2026-05-02", "y": 2026, "a": 43, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "West Azerbaijan", "pl": "Unspecified location (Tasnim); held in Urmia before transfer", "ch": "Espionage for Israel (per Tasnim).", "nt": "Aged 43, an Azerbaijani-Turkic man, per IHRNGO; arrested by the Ministry of Intelligence on 13 June 2025 and held 75 days in Miandoab, per an informed source.", "rp": "Kurdistan Human Rights Network reported both men were transferred from Urmia Central Prison to an unknown location on 30 April.", "ir": "IHRNGO reports he was arrested by the Ministry of Intelligence; no IRGC role is reported for him.", "cn": "IHRNGO says both men were subjected to torture to extract confessions; this is its and the sources' allegation.", "of": "Tasnim announced the execution on 2 May.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8719/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/yaghoub-karimpour-and-naser-bakrzadeh-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8719/" ] }, { "id": "ebrahim-dolatabadinejad", "n": "Ebrahim Dolatabadinejad", "d": "2026-05-03", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Razavi Khorasan", "pl": "Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad (per HRANA via Guardian)", "ch": "Operational action on behalf of hostile states, said by Tasnim to include leading about 250-300 machete-armed people who blocked roads, with deaths of security forces and damage to a Basij base and a bank, on 8-9 January 2026.", "nt": "Father of two, per IHRNGO; named in IHRNGO's 30 April list of 44 protesters at risk of execution.", "rp": "Tried in a case separate from Rasouli and Miri; accused of acting as a protest leader through social media on Tabarsi Boulevard in Mashhad.", "ir": "The state accounts say security personnel were killed in the unrest and a Basij base was attacked; the IRGC's role in his arrest is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the men were tried unfairly and that their statements were broadcast by state media; HRANA called them political prisoners sentenced after unfair revolutionary-court trials (as relayed by the Guardian).", "of": "Mizan announced the executions on 4 May without a date; the Guardian, citing HRANA, reported the hangings at dawn on Sunday 3 May at Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. Tasnim said the sentences were issued under the 2025 Espionage Law for operational action on behalf of hostile governments.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8722/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-ebrahim-dowlatabadi-nejad-executed/" ], [ "The Guardian (4 May 2026)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/may/04/iran-executes-men-january-anti-regime-protests" ], [ "HRANA (analysis of post-March 2026 executions)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/who-is-responsible-for-the-sharp-rise-in-political-and-security-related-executions-following-the-january-2026-protests-in-iran/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8722/" ], "dn": "Date of hanging per HRANA/Guardian; the judiciary did not state it." }, { "id": "mehdi-rasouli", "n": "Mehdi Rasouli", "d": "2026-05-03", "y": 2026, "a": 25, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Razavi Khorasan", "pl": "Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad (per HRANA via Guardian)", "ch": "Operational action for hostile states; accused of directly participating in the killing of a security officer, making and using weapons including a handmade sword, using Molotov cocktails and destroying property on 8 January 2026 (per Tasnim).", "nt": "Aged 25 per HRANA (via the Guardian).", "rp": "Co-defendant with Mohammadreza Miri.", "ir": "Alleged victim: a security officer. The IRGC's role in the arrest is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the men were tried unfairly and that their statements were broadcast by state media; HRANA called them political prisoners sentenced after unfair revolutionary-court trials (as relayed by the Guardian).", "of": "Mizan announced the executions on 4 May without a date; the Guardian, citing HRANA, reported the hangings at dawn on Sunday 3 May at Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. Tasnim said the sentences were issued under the 2025 Espionage Law for operational action on behalf of hostile governments.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8722/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-mehdi-rasouli-and-mohammadreza-miri-executed/" ], [ "The Guardian (4 May 2026)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/may/04/iran-executes-men-january-anti-regime-protests" ], [ "HRANA (analysis of post-March 2026 executions)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/who-is-responsible-for-the-sharp-rise-in-political-and-security-related-executions-following-the-january-2026-protests-in-iran/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8722/" ], "dn": "Date of hanging per HRANA/Guardian; the judiciary did not state it." }, { "id": "mehrab-abdollahzadeh", "n": "Mehrab Abdollahzadeh", "d": "2026-05-03", "y": 2026, "a": 29, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "West Azerbaijan", "pl": "Urmia (undisclosed location, per Tasnim)", "ch": "'Efsad-fil-arz' (corruption on earth) for allegedly injuring an IRGC member on 22 September 2022 who died in hospital three days later (Tasnim; official reports).", "nt": "Aged 29, a Kurdish barber arrested 22 October 2022 in the Woman, Life, Freedom protests, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Tasnim announced the execution on 3 May; HRW gives 4 May and later 5 May, so the exact date is uncertain. Kurdistan Human Rights Network published audio recordings from prison.", "ir": "The alleged victim was an IRGC member. Per IHRNGO, the arrest was on 22 October 2022 and he alleges 42 days of torture; which agency interrogated him is not stated in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says he was tortured to confess; his lawyer said the seven-volume case file was riddled with procedural and jurisdictional flaws; HRW says the family and lawyer were not notified in advance.", "of": "Per IHRNGO, Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court (Judge Najafzadeh) sentenced him to death on 19 September 2024; his appeal was rejected.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8720/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoner-mehrab-abdollahzadeh-exectued/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8720/" ], "dn": "Announced 3 May 2026; HRW gives 4 or 5 May." }, { "id": "mohammadreza-miri", "n": "Mohammadreza Miri", "d": "2026-05-03", "y": 2026, "a": 21, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Razavi Khorasan", "pl": "Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad (per HRANA via Guardian)", "ch": "Operational action for hostile states; accused of directly participating in the killing of a security officer (per Tasnim).", "nt": "Aged 21 per HRANA (via the Guardian).", "rp": "Co-defendant with Mehdi Rasouli. IRIB later cited his case as one of three in which a security officer's killing was attributed to the 'terrorists'.", "ir": "Alleged victim: a security officer. The IRGC's role in the arrest is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the men were tried unfairly and that their statements were broadcast by state media; HRANA called them political prisoners sentenced after unfair revolutionary-court trials (as relayed by the Guardian).", "of": "Mizan announced the executions on 4 May without a date; the Guardian, citing HRANA, reported the hangings at dawn on Sunday 3 May at Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. Tasnim said the sentences were issued under the 2025 Espionage Law for operational action on behalf of hostile governments.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8722/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-mehdi-rasouli-and-mohammadreza-miri-executed/" ], [ "The Guardian (4 May 2026)", "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/may/04/iran-executes-men-january-anti-regime-protests" ], [ "HRANA (analysis of post-March 2026 executions)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/who-is-responsible-for-the-sharp-rise-in-political-and-security-related-executions-following-the-january-2026-protests-in-iran/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8722/" ], "dn": "Date of hanging per HRANA/Guardian; the judiciary did not state it." }, { "id": "erfan-shakourzadeh", "n": "Erfan Shakourzadeh", "d": "2026-05-11", "y": 2026, "a": 29, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Undisclosed (ISNA citing the judiciary)", "ch": "'Espionage for Israel and the United States' (ISNA, citing the judiciary).", "nt": "Aged 29, a master's student at Iran University of Science and Technology, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "In a prison letter (IHRNGO translation) he wrote that he was arrested by the IRGC Intelligence Organisation and held 'eight and a half months' under torture and solitary confinement.", "ir": "In his own letter, as quoted by IHRNGO, he says he was arrested by the IRGC Intelligence Organisation. The judiciary's account of the arresting agency was not found in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says confessions were forced; the claim of torture is his and IHRNGO's.", "of": "ISNA reported the judiciary's statement that he was hanged on 11 May 2026.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8740/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/erfan-shakourzadeh-aerospace-engineering-student-executed-on-charges-of-espionage/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8740/" ], "ln": { "t": "I am Erfan Shakourzadeh, 29 years old, one of the few so-called elites who chose not to emigrate.", "s": "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8740/", "n": "From a letter written in prison before his execution; English translation by Iran Human Rights." } }, { "id": "abdoljalil-shahbakhsh", "n": "Abdoljalil Shahbakhsh", "d": "2026-05-12", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "Sistan and Baluchestan", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "'Baghy' through armed attacks on police stations and membership of Ansar al-Furqan, an armed Baluch group (per Mizan).", "nt": "Baluch man (also known as Shakib), arrested over attacks on police stations during the 2022 protests, per Mizan.", "rp": "Mizan said he acted as a 'route clearer and reconnaissance force'.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says his confessions were forced and aired by state media.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8742/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/abdoljalil-shahbakhsh-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8742/" ] }, { "id": "ehsan-afrashteh", "n": "Ehsan Afrashteh", "d": "2026-05-13", "y": 2026, "a": 32, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Tehran", "pl": "Undisclosed (Mizan)", "ch": "'Espionage and intelligence cooperation in favour of Israel' (Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 32, a civil-engineering graduate who reportedly worked in cybersecurity, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "The judiciary published his confessions at the time of the announcement.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO reports he was under pressure to give forced confessions, held in prolonged solitary confinement and denied the lawyer of his choice.", "of": "Mizan announced the execution on 13 May 2026.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8745/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/ehsan-afrashteh-executed-on-charges-of-espionage/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8745/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-abbasi", "n": "Mohammad Abbasi", "d": "2026-05-13", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (HRANA)", "ch": "'Moharebeh'; the official report said the execution was carried out at the request of the victim's next of kin (qisas), per IHRNGO.", "nt": "Arrested 22 January 2026 in Malard, per HRANA; sentenced by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati).", "rp": "HRANA's 1 May list had recorded his sentence as upheld by the Supreme Court. The fourteenth person executed over the January protests, per IHRNGO.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "HRANA reported the execution in Ghezel Hesar Prison; see its report for the case details.", "of": "State media said the execution was carried out at the request of the victim's next of kin, per IHRNGO.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8748/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-mohammad-abbasi-executed-in-ghezel-hesar-prison-in-karaj/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8748/" ] }, { "id": "karim-maroufpour", "n": "Karim Maroufpour", "d": "2026-05-21", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "West Azerbaijan", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "As for Ramin Zleh (KDPI membership, baghy).", "nt": "Kurdish political prisoner, co-defendant of Ramin Zleh.", "rp": "Executed on 21 May 2026 with Ramin Zleh.", "ir": "See entry for Ramin Zleh.", "cn": "As for Ramin Zleh.", "of": "Mizan said their 'detailed confessions' were used as evidence.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8762/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/ramin-zaleh-and-karim-maroufpour-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8762/" ] }, { "id": "ramin-zleh", "n": "Ramin Zleh", "d": "2026-05-21", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "political", "pv": "West Azerbaijan", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "'Baghy' through membership of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI); Mizan alleged a plot to assassinate an IRGC base commander and a religious figure.", "nt": "Kurdish political prisoner arrested in summer 2024, per the Kurdistan Human Rights Network (via IHRNGO).", "rp": "Accused in the killing of an IRGC member in Piranshahr and an attack on a military vehicle and base, per the official account.", "ir": "The alleged victim of the killing was an IRGC member; the IRGC base commander is named as an alleged target (Mizan, via IHRNGO). Which agency detained them is not stated in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO and the Kurdistan Human Rights Network say they were held incommunicado and tortured to confess; Kurdpa reported the trial took minutes with no lawyer of their choosing.", "of": "Mizan said their 'detailed confessions' were used as evidence.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8762/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/ramin-zaleh-and-karim-maroufpour-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8762/" ] }, { "id": "mojtaba-kian", "n": "Mojtaba Kian", "d": "2026-05-24", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Unspecified location in Alborz province (Mizan)", "ch": "'Intelligence activities for the Zionist regime and the United States' under Article 1 of the new Law on Intensifying the Punishment for Espionage: sending coordinates of a defence-industry facility to a satellite channel (Mizan).", "nt": "IHRNGO calls him the first person arrested during the '40-day war' to be executed, less than 50 days after his arrest.", "rp": "Mizan said one 'targeted location' in Iran was struck during the war after he passed on information, and cited his 'explicit confessions' and a seized phone used to send eight messages. Reuters via Asharq Al-Awsat called it the first execution directly linked to spying offences committed during the war.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "Hana Human Rights Organization says no independent details were released on how he accessed a lawyer, the trial or how his confessions were obtained, and that relying on confessions without transparency contradicts fair-trial principles. IHRNGO also notes the speed of the process.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentence was carried out 'after completion of legal formalities', less than 50 days after his arrest.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8765/" ], [ "Hana Human Rights Organization", "https://hanahr.org/en/news/mojtaba-kian-executed-on-charges-of-sending-information-to-foreign-media/" ], [ "Asharq Al-Awsat (Reuters/AFP)", "https://english.aawsat.com/world/5276632-iran-hangs-man-spying-during-war-us-israel-says-judiciary" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8765/" ] }, { "id": "abbas-akbari-feizabadi", "n": "Abbas Akbari Feizabadi", "d": "2026-05-25", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "Alleged leading role in attacking the county hall in Naeen during the 8-9 January 2026 protests (per Mizan).", "nt": "IHRNGO counts him as the fifteenth protester executed over the January protests.", "rp": "IHRNGO described him as the fifteenth in 67 days; HRANA reported the execution.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO urges a moratorium and says protesters have been tried without fair-trial guarantees.", "of": "Mizan said he 'played a significant role in attacking the county hall' in Naeen.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8768/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-abbas-akbari-feyzabadi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8768/" ] }, { "id": "gholamreza-khani-shekarab", "n": "Gholamreza Khani Shekarab", "d": "2026-05-26", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (established by IHRNGO)", "ch": "Intelligence cooperation and espionage for Israel (judiciary).", "nt": "Arrested on 24 September 2025 on a charge of collaboration with the Mossad, per IHRNGO. Fars reported he was lured back into Iran by a counter-intelligence operation.", "rp": "Fars News Agency reported his case was assigned to the Intelligence Organisation of the IRGC and that the primary defendant was abroad as an operational link.", "ir": "Fars News Agency, as quoted by IHRNGO, reported the case was assigned to the Intelligence Organisation of the IRGC.", "cn": "IHRNGO had warned of his imminent execution on 21 May after his transfer to Ghezelhesar. It says defendants in such cases are coerced into confessions.", "of": "Mizan/Fars reported the execution.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8770/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/gholamreza-khani-shekarab-executed-on-charges-of-espionage/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8770/" ] }, { "id": "ashkan-maleki", "n": "Ashkan Maleki", "d": "2026-06-01", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (IHRNGO)", "ch": "'Operational actions against national security on behalf of Israel and the United States' (2025 espionage law) and entering sacred buildings with intent, over a mosque and seminary arson in Tehran on 9 January 2026 (per Mizan).", "nt": "Kurdish man from Qorveh, per IHRNGO and HRW; hanged without advance notice or a final family visit.", "rp": "IHRNGO says a third defendant, Arman Marefati, faced imminent execution. HRANA reported the executions on 1 June.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the executions were carried out secretly, without advance notice to families, and that a third defendant's charges were elevated to capital offences at trial. It says they were convicted under the newly enacted espionage law. HRW also lists the case among executions on vague national-security charges.", "of": "Mizan said Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced them for the charges above.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8789/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-mehrdad-mohammadinia-and-ashkan-maleki-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8789/" ] }, { "id": "mehrdad-mohammadinia", "n": "Mehrdad Mohammadinia", "d": "2026-06-01", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj (IHRNGO)", "ch": "As for Ashkan Maleki (same case): operational actions against national security for Israel and the US; mosque and seminary arson.", "nt": "Kurdish man from Qorveh, per IHRNGO and HRW.", "rp": "Executed on 1 June 2026 together with Ashkan Maleki.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the executions were carried out secretly, without advance notice to families, and that a third defendant's charges were elevated to capital offences at trial. It says they were convicted under the newly enacted espionage law. HRW also lists the case among executions on vague national-security charges.", "of": "Mizan said Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced them for the charges above.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8789/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-protests-mehrdad-mohammadinia-and-ashkan-maleki-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8789/" ] }, { "id": "fathollah-avari", "n": "Fathollah Avari", "d": "2026-06-03", "y": 2026, "a": 42, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Hamedan", "pl": "Hamedan Central Prison (established by IHRNGO)", "ch": "Qisas (retribution in kind) for the stabbing death of a policeman in Hamedan on 8 January 2026, per Mizan.", "nt": "Aged 42; the eighteenth protester executed over the January protests, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "Mizan did not state the date or place; IHRNGO established the location. HRANA reported the execution on 3 June 2026.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says state media aired his confessions shortly after his arrest in late January and calls them forced.", "of": "Mizan said the Legal Medicine Organisation found the cause of death was a stab wound.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8798/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-fathollah-avari-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8798/" ], "dn": "Reported 3 June 2026; the judiciary did not state the date of execution." }, { "id": "abolfazl-saedi", "n": "Abolfazl Saedi", "d": "2026-06-16", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Semnan", "pl": "Undisclosed location, Semnan province (Mizan)", "ch": "As for Javad Zamani: moharebeh, efsad-fil-arz, arson, offences against national security.", "nt": "Arrested in the Shahroud protests.", "rp": "Executed together with Javad Zamani on 16 June 2026.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says state media aired the men's forced confessions when announcing the executions; it calls the proceedings unfair and the executions an attempt to instil fear.", "of": "Mizan announced the executions and the charges.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8839/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-javad-zamani-and-abolfazl-saedi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8839/" ] }, { "id": "javad-zamani", "n": "Javad Zamani", "d": "2026-06-16", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Semnan", "pl": "Undisclosed location, Semnan province (Mizan)", "ch": "'Moharebeh', 'efsad-fil-arz' (corruption on earth), arson and offences against national security over the 8 January 2026 Shahroud protests.", "nt": "Arrested in the Shahroud protests.", "rp": "Executed together with Abolfazl Saedi; IHRNGO counted at least 20 protesters executed by then.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says state media aired the men's forced confessions when announcing the executions; it calls the proceedings unfair and the executions an attempt to instil fear.", "of": "Mizan announced the executions and the charges.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8839/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-javad-zamani-and-abolfazl-saedi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8839/" ] }, { "id": "aref-khoshkar", "n": "Aref Khoshkar", "d": "2026-07-15", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "Qisas for killing an IRGC member, Salman Amir Ahmadi, with a pellet gun in Tehran's Abuzar neighbourhood in October 2022 (per Hamshahri, as relayed by IHRNGO).", "nt": "The 15th Woman, Life, Freedom protester executed, per IHRNGO; hanged in a group of five in Ghezelhesar.", "rp": "Hamshahri reported the execution of five people without naming them; IHRNGO identified him. HRANA reported the execution.", "ir": "The alleged victim was an IRGC member. The IRGC's role in the arrest or investigation is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says it has documented the use of pellet guns by state forces against protesters in several protest waves, and rejects the allegation as part of a pattern; it is IHRNGO's characterisation.", "of": "Hamshahri newspaper reported the qisas sentences.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8898/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/2022-protests-aref-khoshkar-executed-at-ghezel-hesar-prison-in-karaj/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8898/" ] }, { "id": "mohammad-amini-dehaghani", "n": "Mohammad Amini Dehaghani", "d": "2026-07-15", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan); Isfahan Central Prison per IHRNGO", "ch": "'Waging war against God' and 'corruption on Earth': blocking roads, a Molotov cocktail attack on the Dehaqan governor's office and a police station on 9 January, 'requesting a Kalashnikov', plus propaganda charges (per Mizan, via HRW).", "nt": "The twenty-first protester executed over the January protests, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "HRW notes Mizan reported no deaths or injuries in the alleged attack on the governor's office.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "HRW says he was convicted on 'confessions' and CCTV and calls the charges vague; IHRNGO says no independent information about his case was available.", "of": "Mizan said he was convicted of moharebeh and efsad-fil-arz.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8897/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-mohammad-amini-dehaqani-executed-in-isfahan/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8897/" ] }, { "id": "erfan-esfandiari", "n": "Erfan Esfandiari", "d": "2026-07-19", "y": 2026, "a": 18, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Isfahan Central Prison", "ch": "Moharebeh over the 8 January 2026 'Alikhani Square' unrest in Isfahan, in which four security personnel were reported killed, plus arson and property destruction.", "nt": "IHRNGO gives his age as 18 from unofficial reports, and says it could not verify his age at the time of the alleged offence.", "rp": "Executed together with Gol Mohammad Mohammadi. Five of the Alikhani Square defendants were executed by 20 August.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO criticises the Alikhani Square trials; HRW says that in cases it reviewed, courts relied heavily on detainees' statements and officials failed to clearly establish individual guilt. Two of those executed were Afghan nationals.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8908/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protestsexecution-of-erfan-esfandiari-and-gol-mohammad-mohammadi/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8908/" ] }, { "id": "gol-mohammad-mohammadi", "n": "Gol Mohammad Mohammadi", "d": "2026-07-19", "y": 2026, "a": 23, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Isfahan Central Prison", "ch": "Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026 (as above).", "nt": "Afghan national, aged 23 per unofficial reports cited by IHRNGO.", "rp": "Executed together with Erfan Esfandiari.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO criticises the Alikhani Square trials; HRW says that in cases it reviewed, courts relied heavily on detainees' statements and officials failed to clearly establish individual guilt. Two of those executed were Afghan nationals.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8908/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/escalation-of-judicial-crackdown-on-protesters-a-review-of-the-most-significant-cases-from-the-past-two-weeks/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8908/" ] }, { "id": "mehdi-khanaki", "n": "Mehdi Khanaki", "d": "2026-07-22", "y": 2026, "a": 26, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "Participation in the January 2026 protests in Karaj, membership of the PMOI/MEK, possessing weapons and activity on behalf of Israel and the US (per Mizan/Fars).", "nt": "Aged 26, a law graduate from Karaj, per IHRNGO; counted as the 24th protester and 10th PMOI-affiliated prisoner executed since 19 March.", "rp": "Fars News Agency, which IHRNGO describes as IRGC-affiliated, reported the execution on 22 July.", "ir": "Fars (described by IHRNGO as IRGC-affiliated) reported the execution; the IRGC's role in the arrest or trial is not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says he was tortured and his Revolutionary Court proceedings failed to meet minimum fair-trial standards.", "of": "Fars/Mizan reported the conviction and execution.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8913/" ], [ "RFE/RL", "https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-execution-prisoners-protest/33810073.html" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8913/" ] }, { "id": "abolfazl-sepahi-badjani", "n": "Abolfazl Sepahi Badjani", "d": "2026-07-28", "y": 2026, "a": 25, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Alikhani Square, Isfahan (public hanging)", "ch": "Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026.", "nt": "Aged 25; one of the first public hangings recorded in Iran in 2026 per IHRNGO.", "rp": "A crowd gathered at the site in an attempt to stop the hangings and was met with force by the authorities, per IHRNGO; HRANA reported the public execution on 28 July.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "HRW calls public execution a form of ill-treatment and the trial grossly unfair; IHRNGO says confessions were forced.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8928/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/isfahan-abolfazl-sepahi-and-amirhossein-safari-publicly-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8928/" ] }, { "id": "amirhossein-safari-hosseinabadi", "n": "Amirhossein Safari Hosseinabadi", "d": "2026-07-28", "y": 2026, "a": 28, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Alikhani Square, Isfahan (public hanging)", "ch": "Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest, 8 January 2026.", "nt": "Aged 28; he had lost the use of his left hand in an earlier accident, per reports cited by IHRNGO.", "rp": "Hanged publicly with Abolfazl Sepahi Badjani.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "As for Abolfazl Sepahi Badjani.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8928/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/isfahan-abolfazl-sepahi-and-amirhossein-safari-publicly-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8928/" ] }, { "id": "omid-behzad", "n": "Omid Behzad", "d": "2026-08-03", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "Sending military coordinates to Israel during the 12-Day and 40-Day wars (Mizan).", "nt": "Executed with Pourya Safvat; IHRNGO counts at least twelve people executed on espionage charges since 28 February 2026.", "rp": "A video of their confessions was aired after the announcement.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says confessions were coerced and tortured.", "of": "Mizan announced the executions on 3 August 2026.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8946/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/omid-behzad-and-pouria-safvat-executed-on-alleged-espionage-charges/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8946/" ] }, { "id": "pourya-safvat", "n": "Pourya Safvat", "d": "2026-08-03", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Not specified", "pl": "Undisclosed location (Mizan)", "ch": "As for Omid Behzad.", "nt": "Executed with Omid Behzad. HRANA spells the name Pouria Safvat.", "rp": "See Omid Behzad.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "As for Omid Behzad.", "of": "Mizan announced the executions on 3 August 2026.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8946/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/omid-behzad-and-pouria-safvat-executed-on-alleged-espionage-charges/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8946/" ] }, { "id": "shahram-sadeghi", "n": "Shahram Sadeghi", "d": "2026-08-16", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Ghezelhesar Prison, Karaj", "ch": "Accused of deliberately driving a vehicle into security forces on 8 January 2026 in Karaj, injuring seven officers (per state media).", "nt": "The 27th January-protest executee per IHRNGO's count.", "rp": "IHRNGO says his confessions were broadcast before legal proceedings began.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO describes the confessions as torture-tainted.", "of": "State media reported the execution and the allegation.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8974/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-shahram-sadeghi-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8974/" ] }, { "id": "ghaem-hosseini", "n": "Ghaem (Arian) Hosseini", "d": "2026-08-20", "y": 2026, "a": 21, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Isfahan Central Prison", "ch": "Moharebeh over the Alikhani Square unrest (as above).", "nt": "Afghan national, aged 21; had been scheduled for the 28 July public hanging but it was halted for unreported reasons.", "rp": "The fifth Alikhani Square defendant executed.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO criticises the Alikhani Square trials; HRW says that in cases it reviewed, courts relied heavily on detainees' statements and officials failed to clearly establish individual guilt. Two of those executed were Afghan nationals.", "of": "Mizan reported the sentences; HRW says they were finalised by the Supreme Court on 5 July (per a detainee-support committee) and that the defendants were accused over the deaths of four security-force members on 8 January in Alikhani Square.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8979/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-ghaem-hosseini-executed/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8979/" ] }, { "id": "majid-adineh", "n": "Majid Adineh", "d": "2026-08-23", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Alborz", "pl": "Karaj Central Prison (per IHRNGO)", "ch": "Moharebeh, acting for Israel, the US and other groups, and possessing weapons (per state media).", "nt": "Arrested in Karaj on the evening of 9 January 2026; the 29th January-protest executee per IHRNGO.", "rp": "IHRNGO says no independent information on his case was available before the execution.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO states he was tried unfairly; no independent case information was available.", "of": "State media/Mizan announced the execution and charges.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8983/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-majid-adineh-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8983/" ] }, { "id": "hossein-pedaran", "n": "Hossein Pedaran", "d": "2026-09-19", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "espionage", "pv": "Isfahan", "pl": "Undisclosed (Mizan)", "ch": "'Espionage and intelligence cooperation in favour of the Zionist regime' and attempted cooperation with the US (Mizan).", "nt": "IHRNGO counted him as the 15th person executed for alleged espionage in 2026.", "rp": "Authorities said he passed classified information on military sites in Isfahan province to the Mossad and that an initial approach to the CIA was made; a short clip of his confession was aired.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the confession was forced.", "of": "Mizan said a forensic medical evaluation found no mental disorder affecting his judgment.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9043/" ], [ "HRANA (September 2026 report)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-september-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9043/" ], "dn": "Reported 19 September 2026; the judiciary did not state the execution date." }, { "id": "ali-hemati-sistani", "n": "Ali Hemati-Sistani", "d": "2026-09-30", "y": 2026, "a": 33, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Razavi Khorasan", "pl": "Mashhad, undisclosed location (probably Vakil Abad Prison per IHRNGO)", "ch": "As for Majid Nikandish (same case): alleged leadership in the Tabarsi protests, stabbing a Basij officer, arson and looting.", "nt": "Aged 33, a Mashhad native, per IHRNGO. HRANA spells his name Ali Hemmati.", "rp": "IRIB aired confessions of both shortly after the announcement; IHRNGO says the on-air account differs from Mizan's written account of the stabbings.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says both were convicted on torture-tainted confessions without a lawyer of their choice. Nikandish, per an informed source cited by IHRNGO, was held in solitary confinement for about three months and suffered a broken jaw and dislocated shoulder; this is the source's allegation.", "of": "Per IHRNGO, Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court sentenced them and Branch 39 of the Supreme Court upheld it. Mizan said they were leaders of the protests in Mashhad's Tabarsi district on 8-9 January, accused of stabbing Basij officers and arson, but did not name the charges.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9063/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-ali-hemmati-and-majid-nikandish-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9063/" ] }, { "id": "majid-nikandish", "n": "Majid Nikandish", "d": "2026-09-30", "y": 2026, "a": 23, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Razavi Khorasan", "pl": "Mashhad, undisclosed location (probably Vakil Abad Prison per IHRNGO)", "ch": "Alleged leadership role in the Tabarsi protests and stabbing a Basij officer; charged with filming footage to send abroad (per Mizan).", "nt": "Aged 23, a Kurdish man from Ghouchan, per IHRNGO.", "rp": "In his reported statement he denied being a protest leader and said he had killed no one, per a source cited by IHRNGO.", "ir": "Alleged victims: Basij officers (Basij is a paramilitary force; IHRNGO notes four security personnel were killed in the wider unrest). The IRGC's role is not reported.", "cn": "IHRNGO says both were convicted on torture-tainted confessions without a lawyer of their choice. Nikandish, per an informed source cited by IHRNGO, was held in solitary confinement for about three months and suffered a broken jaw and dislocated shoulder; this is the source's allegation.", "of": "Per IHRNGO, Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court sentenced them and Branch 39 of the Supreme Court upheld it. Mizan said they were leaders of the protests in Mashhad's Tabarsi district on 8-9 January, accused of stabbing Basij officers and arson, but did not name the charges.", "sr": [ [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9063/" ], [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-ali-hemmati-and-majid-nikandish-executed/" ] ], "pk": [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9063/" ] }, { "id": "siavash-jamshidi-kheirabadi", "n": "Siavash Jamshidi-Kheirabadi", "d": "2026-10-03", "y": 2026, "a": null, "s": "M", "c": "protest", "pv": "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari", "pl": "Shahrekord (execution site not specified by the judiciary)", "ch": "Moharebeh by drawing a firearm and shooting, and assembly and collusion against national security, over the 8 January protests in Shahrekord (per Iran International/IHRNGO).", "nt": "The 32nd January-protest executee since 19 March per IHRNGO (executed 3 October 2026, the day of this page's launch).", "rp": "Iran International and Al Arabiya, citing the judiciary, reported the execution; the Supreme Court had upheld the sentence.", "ir": "IRGC role not reported in the sources consulted.", "cn": "IHRNGO says the average is now about one protester execution a week and urges a moratorium. Details of his trial had not been public until the execution, per Radio Zamaneh.", "of": "The judiciary said he fired at least three shots at police.", "sr": [ [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-siavash-jamshidi-kheirabadi-executed/" ], [ "Iran International", "https://www.iranintl.com/en/202610033933" ], [ "IHRNGO via Shabtab (3 Oct 2026)", "https://english.shabtabnews.com/2026/10/03/siavash-jamshidi-kheirabadi-hanged-one-january-protester-hanged-per-week-since-march/" ] ], "pk": [ "HRANA", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-siavash-jamshidi-kheirabadi-executed/" ], "dn": "Executed 3 October 2026; entry is recent and may be revised." } ], "sentenced_not_executed": [ { "name": "Alireza Sepahi Badjani", "sex": "M", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-09-12", "place": "Isfahan (Dastgerd) Central Prison", "status": "Sentenced to death; reported at imminent risk (IHRNGO, 12 Sep 2026)", "detail": "Sentenced in the 'Alikhani Square' case over the killing of four police officers in Isfahan on 8 January 2026. HRANA reported that he suffered a stroke on the day he was scheduled to be executed alongside Abolfazl Sepahi and Amirhossein Safari (28 July) and was returned to prison; IHRNGO reports he was moved to solitary confinement on 12 September. Co-defendants in the case have been executed since 19 July.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "IHRNGO (12 Sep 2026)", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9028/" ], [ "HRANA (31 Jul 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/alireza-sepahi-returned-to-prison-after-suffering-stroke-ahead-of-execution/" ] ] }, { "name": "Benyamin Naghdi", "sex": "M", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-07-30", "place": "Shiraz", "status": "Sentenced to death; Supreme Court upheld the sentence (IHRNGO, 30 Jul 2026)", "detail": "Aged 26, an MMA fighter and kickboxer arrested at a protest in Shiraz on 3 January 2026. Sentenced by Branch 1 of the Shiraz Revolutionary Court in May on a charge of 'moharebeh'. He is accused of using a fire extinguisher as a makeshift flamethrower against passing security forces; his lawyer says no one was injured and is seeking a retrial. State media aired his confession on 4 January.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "IHRNGO (30 Jul 2026)", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8934/" ] ] }, { "name": "Kaveh Arabian", "sex": "M", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-01-08", "place": "Yazd Central Prison", "status": "Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court (IHRNGO)", "detail": "Aged 35, arrested 12 January 2026; accused of setting fire to public property with intent to disrupt national security. IHRNGO says he was held for 68 days in the custody of the IRGC Intelligence Organisation under pressure to confess.", "irgc": "IHRNGO reports he was held in IRGC Intelligence Organisation custody for 68 days.", "src": [ [ "IHRNGO (Yazd trio)", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8807/" ] ] }, { "name": "Ali Daneshparvar", "sex": "M", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-01-08", "place": "Yazd Central Prison", "status": "Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court (IHRNGO)", "detail": "Aged 33, arrested 9 January 2026; accused of the murder of a member of the security forces. IHRNGO says he was held for three months by the IRGC Intelligence Organisation.", "irgc": "IHRNGO reports three months in IRGC Intelligence Organisation custody.", "src": [ [ "IHRNGO (Yazd trio)", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8807/" ] ] }, { "name": "Esmail Ramezanpour", "sex": "M", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-01-08", "place": "Yazd Central Prison", "status": "Sentenced to death by Branch 1 of the Yazd Revolutionary Court (IHRNGO)", "detail": "Arrested in connection with the January 2026 protests in Yazd and sentenced on a charge of 'moharebeh' together with Kaveh Arabian and Ali Daneshparvar.", "irgc": "See entries for Kaveh Arabian and Ali Daneshparvar.", "src": [ [ "IHRNGO (Yazd trio)", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/8807/" ] ] }, { "name": "Mahboubeh Shabani", "sex": "F", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-09-29", "place": "Mashhad (Vakilabad) Central Prison", "status": "Sentenced to death; moved to solitary confinement on 28 Sep 2026 (IHRNGO)", "detail": "Sentenced by Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court on a charge of 'operational action to strengthen Israel, the United States and agents affiliated with Reza Pahlavi' under the new espionage law, per IHRNGO. IHRNGO says she was arrested on 2 February 2026 and had helped transport injured protesters. HRANA also reported the sentence.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "IHRNGO (29 Sep 2026)", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9062/" ], [ "HRANA (28 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-mahboubeh-shabani-sentenced-to-death/" ] ] }, { "name": "Ali Zarei (Douzdarehsi)", "sex": "M", "cat": "political", "as_of": "2026-09-21", "place": "Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj", "status": "Sentenced to death; sentence reported upheld; moved to solitary confinement on 21 Sep 2026 (HRANA)", "detail": "Previously living in Germany, arrested by Ministry of Intelligence agents on 28 April 2026 after entering Iran. Branch 23 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced him on a charge of 'corruption on earth' through political activities and propaganda against the regime.", "irgc": "HRANA reports he was arrested by Ministry of Intelligence agents, not the IRGC.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (21 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/political-prisoner-ali-zarei-sentenced-to-death-transferred-to-solitary-confinement/" ], [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9049/" ] ] }, { "name": "Pakhshan Azizi", "sex": "F", "cat": "political", "as_of": "2026-09-15", "place": "Evin Prison, Tehran", "status": "Sentenced to death; Supreme Court upheld the sentence in January 2025; retrial requests denied (HRANA)", "detail": "Arrested in Tehran on 4 August 2023; in August 2024 Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Iman Afshari) sentenced her to death and four years in prison for 'baghy' through membership in groups opposed to the state.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ] ] }, { "name": "Arghavan Fallahi", "sex": "F", "cat": "political", "as_of": "2026-09-15", "place": "Evin Prison, Tehran", "status": "Sentenced to death; Supreme Court upheld the sentence in August 2026 (HRANA)", "detail": "Arrested in Tehran in February 2025; Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court (Judge Salavati) sentenced her for 'baghy' through membership in opposition groups and armed action.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ], [ "IHRNGO", "https://iranhr.net/en/articles/9051/" ] ] }, { "name": "Zahra Shahbaz Tabari", "sex": "F", "cat": "political", "as_of": "2026-09-15", "place": "Lakan Prison, Rasht", "status": "Sentenced to death again on 14 Apr 2026 after the Supreme Court overturned the first sentence (HRANA)", "detail": "Aged 68, arrested at home in Rasht in April 2025; sentenced on a charge of 'baghy' through membership and activity in an opposition group.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ] ] }, { "name": "Maryam Hodavand (Hedavand)", "sex": "F", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-09-15", "place": "Evin Prison, Tehran", "status": "Sentenced to death; the sentence is at the trial-court stage (HRANA)", "detail": "Aged 45, a mother of two, arrested after events of 8 January 2026 in Pakdasht; Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court sentenced her on charges including 'participation in the killing of two Basij members'.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ] ] }, { "name": "Leila Abolhasani", "sex": "F", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-09-15", "place": "Dowlatabad Prison, Isfahan", "status": "Sentenced to death; case referred to the Supreme Court for appellate review (HRANA)", "detail": "Aged about 43, a mother of two, arrested on 8 January 2026 in Shahin Shahr. A source close to her family told HRANA the charge stems from her presence at and filming of a store fire; judicial authorities accuse her of involvement in setting it.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ] ] }, { "name": "Taraneh Rahimi (Isfahan 'Shohada Square' case)", "sex": "F", "cat": "protest", "as_of": "2026-09-10", "place": "Dowlatabad Prison, Isfahan", "status": "Sentenced to death with nine co-defendants; sentences at the trial-court stage (HRANA, HRW)", "detail": "Sixteen people were tried by Branch 1 of the Isfahan Revolutionary Court; ten (one woman, nine men) were sentenced to death. HRW says defendants were accused of involvement in the death of an IRGC member and an unhoused person on 8 January, that none was charged with murder, and that a lawyer filed a complaint with allegations of torture, including sexual assault of the Rahimi sisters (reported by Dadban).", "irgc": "HRW reports the alleged victim was an IRGC member and that a complaint was lodged against the IRGC Intelligence Organisation over torture allegations (reported by Dadban); these are allegations.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ], [ "Human Rights Watch (10 Sep 2026)", "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/09/10/iran-ongoing-unlawful-execution-campaign-against-protesters" ] ] }, { "name": "Souda (Marzieh) Ebrahimi Shamsabadi", "sex": "F", "cat": "espionage", "as_of": "2026-09-15", "place": "Bandar Abbas Prison", "status": "Sentenced to death at the first-instance stage (HRANA)", "detail": "Aged 32, arrested on 29 March 2026 by Ministry of Intelligence agents; the Bandar Abbas Revolutionary Court sentenced her for 'corruption on earth', including 'photographing a military site and sending the images to Persian-language media outlets abroad'.", "irgc": "HRANA reports arrest by Ministry of Intelligence agents.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ] ] }, { "name": "Ahmadreza Djalali", "sex": "M", "cat": "espionage", "as_of": "2026-03-05", "place": "Evin Prison, Tehran (reported)", "status": "Under death sentence; not reported executed; family contact reported in early 2026", "detail": "Swedish-Iranian academic sentenced to death in 2017 for alleged espionage against Iran, according to Swedish media (TT/Sweden Herald); Amnesty says the trial was grossly unfair and the UN says his detention is arbitrary. Amnesty says he has been forcibly disappeared since 24 June 2025 and is at grave risk of secret execution. In March 2026 Sweden's foreign minister said he was still held in Evin Prison, after his wife had a short phone call with him.", "irgc": "Not reported in the sources consulted.", "src": [ [ "Amnesty International (Urgent Action)", "https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/0334/2025/en/" ], [ "Sweden Herald (5 Mar 2026)", "https://swedenherald.com/article/foreign-minister-maria-malmer-stenergard-very-concerned-about-ahmadreza-djalali-in-evin-prison" ] ] } ], "status_notes": [ { "name": "Sharifeh Mohammadi", "text": "Labour activist. HRANA reported on 30 October 2025, citing her lawyer Amir Raisian, that the head of the judiciary approved commuting her death sentence to 30 years in prison. Her lawyer is seeking a retrial. Not executed.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (30 Oct 2025)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/death-sentence-of-labor-activist-sharifeh-mohammadi-commuted-to-30-years-in-prison/" ] ] }, { "name": "Varisheh Moradi", "text": "Kurdish political prisoner. HRANA reported on 10 December 2025 that her death sentence was overturned; in September 2026 HRANA says the case remains unresolved pending retrial. Not executed.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (10 Dec 2025)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/death-sentence-of-varisheh-moradi-overturned/" ], [ "HRANA (15 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/eight-women-face-death-sentences-in-iran-in-political-security-related-and-protest-cases/" ] ] }, { "name": "Mahnaz Chardoli and Mehdi Nazer", "text": "HRANA reported on 22 September 2026 that the Supreme Court overturned their death sentences in a January-2026 protest case. Not executed.", "src": [ [ "HRANA (22 Sep 2026)", "https://www.en-hrana.org/january-2026-protests-death-sentences-of-mehdi-nazer-and-mahnaz-chardouli-overturned-by-supreme-court/" ] ] } ], "yearly_statistics": { "rows": [ { "year": 2021, "ihr": 333, "ihr_src": "https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2022_PirQr2V.pdf", "amn": 314, "amn_src": "https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/ACT5065482023ENGLISH.pdf", "hrana": null, "note": "" }, { "year": 2022, "ihr": 582, "ihr_src": "https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2022_PirQr2V.pdf", "amn": 576, "amn_src": "https://files.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/ACT5065482023ENGLISH.pdf", "hrana": null, "note": "Year of the Woman, Life, Freedom protests; first protest-related executions in December." }, { "year": 2023, "ihr": 834, "ihr_src": "https://iranhr.net/media/files/Iran_Human_Rights-Annual_Report_2023.pdf", "amn": 853, "amn_src": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/ACT5079522024ENGLISH.pdf", "hrana": null, "note": "" }, { "year": 2024, "ihr": 975, "ihr_src": "https://iranhr.net/media/files/Rapport_iran_2024-WEB.pdf", "amn": 972, "amn_src": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ACT5089762025ENGLISH.pdf", "hrana": null, "note": "" }, { "year": 2025, "ihr": 1639, "ihr_src": "https://iranhr.net/media/files/2025_Annual_Report_on_the_Death_Penalty.pdf", "amn": 2159, "amn_src": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/05/executions-surge-highest-recorded-figure-44-years/", "hrana": 2063, "hrana_src": "https://www.en-hrana.org/annual-statistical-report-of-human-rights-conditions-in-iran-2025/", "note": "IHRNGO: highest recorded since 1989; Amnesty: highest recorded in Iran in decades. Methods and totals differ between monitors." } ], "security": { "title": "Executions on security-related charges (baghy, efsad-fil-arz, moharebeh) and for alleged espionage for Israel, per IHRNGO", "src": "https://iranhr.net/media/files/2025_Annual_Report_on_the_Death_Penalty.pdf", "rows": [ { "year": 2022, "sec": 16, "esp": 4 }, { "year": 2023, "sec": 39, "esp": 6 }, { "year": 2024, "sec": 31, "esp": 5 }, { "year": 2025, "sec": 57, "esp": 13 } ] }, "hrana2026": { "title": "HRANA monthly reports, 2026 (documented executions; January, February and April reports were not retrieved)", "rows": [ [ "March", 8, "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-march-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ], [ "May", 55, "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-may-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ], [ "June", 113, "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-june-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ], [ "July", 66, "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-july-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ], [ "August", 78, "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-august-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ], [ "September", 59, "https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-september-2026-human-rights-situation-in-iran/" ] ] }, "notes": [ "All annual figures are minimum counts compiled by the named monitor from its own verification; they are not official Iranian statistics and are not directly comparable.", "IHRNGO says that in 2025 only 113 executions (under 7%) were announced by official sources; the remainder were confirmed by IHRNGO.", "Amnesty International reports Iran accounted for at least 2,159 of 2,707 executions it recorded worldwide in 2025.", "HRANA's 2025 total (2,063) is based on 1,743 verified reports, per HRANA." ] }, "definitions": [ [ "Execution", "In Iran, a death sentence carried out by the state, normally by hanging, under the authority of the judiciary and prison authorities. Executions are ordered after a court verdict and a Supreme Court review. Some are carried out in public." ], [ "Revolutionary Court", "A branch of the judiciary that hears national-security, drug-trafficking and certain other cases. Rights groups such as Amnesty International say these courts operate under the influence of security and intelligence bodies; Iranian officials say they apply the law and due process." ], [ "IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps)", "A military, political and economic institution of the Islamic Republic. Its documented roles in the cases listed here, as reported by named sources, include arrests, detention and interrogation by its Intelligence Organisation, supplying case files to the courts, and lethal force during protests. The IRGC does not carry out hangings; prison and judiciary authorities do. This page never says the IRGC 'executed' a person unless a named source says so." ], [ "Basij", "A volunteer paramilitary force linked to the IRGC structure, often deployed during protests. Several executed protesters were convicted of killing Basij members; those are accusations by the courts." ], [ "Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS)", "A civilian intelligence agency, separate from the IRGC Intelligence Organisation. Some arrests of alleged spies are attributed to it." ], [ "Moharebeh", "'Enmity against God' (often rendered 'waging war against God'): a capital offence for taking up arms against the state or people. UN bodies and rights groups say it is vaguely defined." ], [ "Efsad-fil-arz", "'Corruption on earth': a capital offence used in political, security and espionage cases." ], [ "Baghy", "'Armed rebellion' through membership of, or activity for, an armed opposition group." ], [ "Qisas", "Retribution-in-kind for murder, under which the victim's family can demand the sentence or forgive the convicted person." ], [ "Category: protest-related", "Executed after arrest in connection with nationwide protests (2018, 2022-23, December 2025 to January 2026), for charges such as killing a security-force member or arson. Charges are the courts' accusations." ], [ "Category: political / ethnic minority", "Executed political prisoners, members of banned opposition or armed groups, Kurdish, Baluch and Ahwazi Arab prisoners, and dissidents. Whether a group is regarded as an armed or terrorist organisation differs between Iranian authorities and rights groups." ], [ "Category: alleged espionage", "Executed on charges of spying for Israel or the United States. The charges and evidence are those announced by the judiciary and state media; rights groups raise fair-trial and forced-confession concerns." ], [ "Category: other", "Cases that do not fit above, such as a journalist executed for his reporting." ], [ "'Alleged by'", "Used where a claim, such as torture or a forced confession, is made by a named monitor, lawyer or family member and has not been independently established. Equally, official accounts are attributed to Mizan, state media or named officials." ] ] }